ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide infectious disease in spite of advancement in health care system. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most prevalent form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis with predilection of cervical lymph nodes. Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of grey scale ultrasonography together with color Doppler in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymph adenitis and evaluation of early therapeutic response. Subjects and methods:From July 2015 to May 2016 in Al-Karama teaching hospital /Kut city- Wasit-Iraq, 25 patients (14 males and 11 females) with ages range from (6-50) years. Ultrasonography examination was done for all patients and grey scale criteria (distribution, size, shape, echogenicity, echogenic hilum, intranodal necrosis and ancillary features) and vascular distribution were recorded to help in tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosis. Excisional biopsy was done to confirm the diagnosis histopathologically. After chemotherapy the Patients were followed up after 46 days of treatment, again the grey scale criteria were recorded and compared with the 1st reading. Results: Ultrasonography could identify 88% of the patients (22/25) as having cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis while histopathology proved that only 80% of patients really have the disease. This mean that ultrasonography had good sensitivity (100%), specificity (60%) and accuracy (90%) with no false negative and 8% false positive.In following up the patients, grey scale ultrasonography criteria showed a significant difference for the same patients before and after 46 days of treatment. Conclusions: Ultrasonography was found to play a paramount role in detection, localization and delineation of cervical tuberculous lymph nodes hence grey scale and color Doppler are reliable in diagnosis of the disease and the evaluation of therapeutic response of the patients.
The study's primary purpose is to explore an appropriate way of monitoring and assessing water depths using the satellite remote sensing technique of the Al Habbaniyah Lake in Iraq. This research studied the experience-conditions (thresholds) of different bands for multi-temporal satellite image data with different satellite image sensors (Landsat 5-TM, and EO1-ALI) for the same region, to recognize regions of water depths. The threshold values are taken that to separate the Al Habbaniyah Lake to the required depths (shallow, deep, and very deep), as a supervised method. A three-dimension feature space plot had used to represent these regions. The relationship of the mean values of the three separated water regions with all TM and A
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This research aims to apply the Performance Focused Activity Based Costing System in the consultant office of Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering at the University of Technology for the purpose of measuring the cost of consulting services provided by these offices in order to reduce costs and their reflection in achieving profits. For the purpose of calculating costs accurately, and to test the hypothesis of the research, the research was applied in the office of the consultant of the College of Engineering Al-Khwarizm - University of Baghdad through the financial statement
... Show MorePregnancy pose an additional burden on the body of the mother so as to meet their needs and the needs of the fetus and the body's need to iron increases excessively during pregnancy and iron is an essential element for the formation of hemoglobin blood Either hemoglobin is the key ingredient for red blood cells which carries oxygen to parts of the body, alas, most of the pregnant women begin their pregnancy inadequate stocks of iron in their bodies, which does not cover their need and requirement of the fetus, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy When you reach the mother to the period in which they did not have the adequate amount of iron to produce hemoglobin become the mother was anemic So emerged the problem of
... Show MoreStudy of Direct Marketing techniques and determining the scope of the suitability of each of them in the application in the Iraqi market - An analytical and explorative study for sample of views for wholesaler in Baghdad. The essential idea of the research is to go into the most important concepts which have been mentioned in the direct marketing and determining its current and most important techniques and knowing the scope of applying these techniques in Baghdad main markets (Karrada, Jamilah, shorja, Baya area, zeyouna and new Baghdad) and which of those techniques most applicable in these markets. The research took a sample of (100) wholesalers who practice the activities of selling nutritional items, auto and outs spare part
... Show MoreObjective(s): This study aimed to evaluate job satisfaction among nurses working at primary health care centers in Samawa City.
Methodology: A Descriptive evolutional study has been carried out during the period from 1 February 2022 to 1 June 2022. A nonprobability (convenience) sample of (200) nurse were selected from different educational level. A questionnaire format is developed for the purpose of fulfilling the objectives of the study. Content validity of the questionnaire and reliability has been determined. Data are analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19 software (2010).
Results: The findings indicate that 52% of nurses are showing high level of job satisfa
... Show MoreEpstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection is associated with broad spectrum of clinical manifestationsdepending on the immune status of the host, To analyze their possible role in the complication ofautoimmune hepatitis, we investigated (30) female patients with autoimmune hepatitis type-1 of(10-40)years and 25 healthy female of same ages(control groups). Both groups were carried outto measure the levels of EBV-CA IgM, IgG Ab, EBV-EA IgM, IgG Ab, and EBV-NA IgM, IgGAb using indirect immunoflourescent assay (IFAT).The prevalence of EBV-CA IgM, IgG Ab were(10%,20%) and EBV-EA IgM, IgG Ab were (10% and20%) respectively, while the prevalence ofEBV-NA IgG Ab was( 3.33%) and there are no prevalence of EBV-NA IgM Ab. There weresignificant differences (P
... Show MoreObjective: To evaluate nurses' practices concerning isolation techniques for Adult Leukemic Patients (ALP).
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at the isolation rooms at leukemic wards in Baghdad Teaching
Hospitals, starting from Jan. 27th 2008 up to the 27th of Apr. 2008. To achieve the objectives of study, a non-probability
"purposive" sample of (50) nurse was selected out of four Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad city were selected according
to the criteria of the study sample.
The study instrument consisted of two major parts. It is based on the review of literature. First is concerned with
demographic data for nurses; and the second part is observational tool (checklist) is composed of (83) item. The conte
The adopted method in the teaching of history is conservation and indoctrination in all grades, and this will lead to a lack of students interact with teachers in the course of the lesson, and poor use of teachers to questions that raise students' thinking during the lesson, which leads to a lack of interest in the topic of the lesson and wasting opportunities contribution making it the teacher at the center of the educational process, and to provide arrogating the researcher to contribute to teaching style with the belief that the use of this method of teaching could lead to overcome the difficulties and problems faced by the teaching material.
And there are educational complexes integrated approac
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