Background: Periodontal diseases (PD) are common chronic inflammatory diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms colonizing the gingival area and inducing local and systemic elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in tissue destruction by a destructive inflammatory process. Stress was considered as one of the important risk factors that cause many inflammatory diseases including PD. The purpose of this study wasto determines and compares clinical periodontal parameters (PLI, GI and BOP), stress level and salivary IL-1? level among dental students before, during and after mid-year exam, also to find the correlation among stress, IL-1? and clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and methods: The sample was consisted of 24 dental students; 12 male and 12 female aged (21-23) years, theywere examined in this follow up study at three main periods; first period at least one month before mid-year exam (Period I), second period during mid-year exam (Period II) and third period at least one month after mid-year exam (Period III). DASS-21 was used to measure stress level in all periods. Saliva samples were collected to determine the salivary IL-1? level by ELISA. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at four sites per tooth. Results: The means of all clinical periodontal parameters were higher in the period II than in the periods I and III with highly significant differencesat (P ? 0.01). As well as, the means concentrations of salivary IL-1? were higher in the period II than in the periods I and III with highly significant differencesat (P ? 0.01). Also, by using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, stress shows highly significant strong correlation with IL-1? and clinical periodontal parametersat (P ? 0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study provided strong evidence of association between examination stress and PD, where dental students during mid-year exam have higher levels of stress, clinical periodontal parameters and salivary IL-1? as compared with before and after mid-year exam periods.
The rapid change in economic is a serious challenge facing all countries around the world, even developed ones. This challenge is increasing as the world enters the age of knowledge in which different knowledge and technologies have emerged and the distance between the emergence of scientific knowledge and its actual application on the ground has been reduced as well as the growing role of science and technology in community development. One of the most important technology amongst these technologies is nanotechnology, where this technology plays a major role in the development of products and modern devices and reduces cost with quality improvement. This technology is cross-cultural, requires a comprehensive knowledge structure and depe
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This work describes the effect of temperature on the phase transformation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) prepared using metal organic precursors as starting materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the structural properties of TiO2 gels calcined at different temperatures (300, 500, 700) ?C. the results showed that the samples have typical peaks of TiO2 polycrystalline brookite nanopowders after calcined at (300 ?C), which confirmed by (111), (121), (200), (012), (131), (220), (040), (231), (132) and (232) diffraction peaks. Also, XRD diffraction spectra showed the presence of crystallites of anatase with low proportion of rutile phase where calcined at (500 ?C), while rutile phase domains at (700 ?C). The crystallite size of
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The research problem consisted in answering the question that revolves around what is the impact of localizing employees’ salaries on bank deposits, and did it lead to an increase in their size? The research also aimed to nominate some initial solutions to improve the role of salary localization, in terms of reviewing the concept of electronic payment systems, its tools and channels, and then identifying the concept of salary localization, its importance, objectives and obstacles to its application, and then analyzing the reality of the state of localization of salaries and bank deposits to banks, the research sample for the period (2017- 2021), and the use of the statistical program (SPSS V25) to test the research hypotheses. The stud
... Show MoreObjectives: To identify the impact of Pap smear upon physical and psychological and social aspects of women's
health.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (71) women. The data were collected through the utilization of the
developed questionnaire which consists of four major parts: 1. demographic 2.Physical domain 3. Psychological
domain 4. social domain and by means of interview technique with the women who were individually interviewed
in the Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ the Consultant Clinic, Teaching Laboratories/ Medical City, AL-Elwyiah
Maternity Hospital . The data collection process has been performed from April 17th, 2011 until the August 10th,
2011. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures wer
Objectives: The study aims to assess the female adolescents’ risk-health behaviors, to identify their
determinants, to determine the association between the risk health behaviors and the stage of
adolescence for these females' demographic variable.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (268) female adolescents is selected from intermediate and
secondary schools in Baghdad City. These adolescents have presented the age of (14-19) year old and
divided into two groups of (14-16) year and (17-19) year. A questionnaire is constructed for the purpose
of the study, it is composed of (10) major parts, and the overall items, which are included in the
questionnaire, are (106) item. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire
Uncompleted Personality and it’s relation with Some Variables of the University Students
The aim of this research is to find a relation between self-protection and the social - ignorance of the univresity students. In applying the aims of the reaearch, the ressearcher has constructed two scales to measure
self - protection and the social - ignorance. After finding their validity and stability and their discriminative power, the researcher has applied them on a sample of (200) male and female. University students, who were selected randomly. The results of the research has arrived at finding a positive relation between self-protection and social - ignorance.
The researcher has recommended a concentration on the role of parents in raising their childern depending on themselves and making f
... Show More Fusobacterium are compulsory anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, long thin with pointed ends, it causes several illnesses to humans like pocket lesion gingivitis and periodontal disease; therefore our study is constructed on molecular identification and detection of the fadA gene which is responsible for bacterial biofilm formation. In this study, 10.2% Fusobacterium spp. were isolated from pocket lesion gingivitis. The isolates underwent identification depending on several tests under anaerobic conditions and biochemical reactions. All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem (IPM10) 42.7mm/disk, Ciprofloxacin (CIP10) 27.2mm/disk and Erythromycin (E15) 25mm/disk, respectively. 100% of
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The current study aims to identify:The meta-motivation and Uniqueness seeking of the study sample. The correlated relationship among them. The present study sample consists of (400) students from the colleges of engineering, University of Baghdad, and the University of Technology in the academic year (2019-2020), and the researcher has adopted the Chen Scale (1995)to measure the meta-motivation after its translation into Arabic by(Al-Samawi,2011).The scale includes six dimensions. The researcher has also adopted the Snyder&Fromkin scale (1980) to measure the uniqueness seeking after translating and adapting it into the Arabic environment. The scale consists of three dimensions. The results show that students of the Facult
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