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The effect of thermocycling and debonding time on the shear bond strength of different orthodontic brackets bonded with light-emitting diode adhesive (In vitro study)
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Background: Thermocycling simulates the temperature dynamics in the oral environment. This in vitro study done to measure and compare the effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of stainless steel and sapphire brackets bonded to human enamel teeth using light cured orthodontic adhesive and debonded at various time, and to measure adhesive remnant index after debonding. Materials and Methods: one-hundred-twenty extracted upper first premolars for orthodontic reason were used in this study; depending on weather thermocycled or not, the sample was divided into two main groups, then within each group 30 teeth were used for stainless-steel brackets (Bionic®) and for sapphire brackets (Pure®). Both groups were subdivided into three groups (n = 10) according to the debond times: I: debond after 24 hour, II: debond after 7 days and III: debond after 30 days. Within 24 hr, half of the sample was thermocycled manually for 500 complete cycles between 5/55°C and the remaining sample was stored in distilled water at room temperature and water was changed daily until debond time for each group was performed. The adhesive remnant index was tested under 20X magnification lens using stereomicroscope. Results and Conclusions: Both bracket types demonstrated high shear bond strength values before thermocycling (P?0.05), whereas after 500 thermocycles, there were significant changes in shear bond strength resulted in marked reduction in the stainless steel brackets than in the sapphire brackets (P?0.05). Shear bond strength values increased with time for both stainless steel and sapphire brackets with and without thermocycling (P?0.05). The tendency of bond failure was increased at the bracket/adhesive interface rather than enamel/bracket interface in the stainless steel brackets whereas at the enamel/bracket interface rather than bracket/adhesive interface in the sapphire brackets.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Photophysics of Coumarin 460: Temperature Effect upon Fluorescence Lifetime and Non-Radiative Rate Parameter
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The temperature influence on the fluorescence lifetime, quantum yields and non-radiative rate parameter or coumarin 460 dye dissolved in methanol was investigated in the temperature range (160-300 k). A single photon counting technique was used or measuring the fluorescence decay curves. A noticeable decrease of the fluorescence lifetime with increasing the temperature was observed. The non-radiative activation energy of 10.57 K.J. mole-1 was measured by the help of Arrhenius plot.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Role of Sox17 Gene Expression in Early Definition of Anterior Pole of the Rabbit Embryo at Early Pre-Gastrulation Stages
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The primitive streak and notochord and previously the anterior marginal crescent (AMC), anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) and the anterior hypoblast (AHB) are embryonic entities which identify main body axes and thus establish body plan in the early stages of embryonic development. All of the anterior pre-gastrulation differentiation structures are addressed terminology as anterior pre-gastrulation differentiation (APD). These structures are defined morphologically and are called in mouse (AVE), in rabbit (AMC) and in the pig (AHB). The anterior hypoblast cells of APD are higher and denser than at the opposite pole of the embryo. Moreover, the APD stretches variously between species and has different shapes in the mammalian embryos, for exam

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Sources of the Narrative of Siffin Agreement
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We can conclude that version A is substantially genuine while version B is spurious. an Attempt has been made above to show relevance of this to our understanding of the agreement itself .
The central issue of sunna to which recourse was to be had must of course be connected with development of the meaning of the word sunna from the broader (way of Proceeding ) and (generally agreed practice).
Any sweeping judgements about the invalidity of reports transmitted by shiis or supposed shii are out of place. theestablishment of realistic criteria for the appreciation of early sources for Islamic history is subject which is still in Its infancy

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Foresight of the development of the housing sector
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The housing sector in Iraq has suffered from multiple problems, the most prominent of which is the failure of the housing market to achieve housing production that faces population increases and a high number of households.

The research aims to foresight the future of the housing sector,  and to identify the expectations of experts in the development of the housing sector and housing production, in order to overcome the obstacles and problems.

Foresight does not mean forecasting about future events, but rather it is a process and skill aimed at familiarity with providing sufficient knowledge to achieve the desired future goals, Accordingly, adopting a method of future foresight will reduce error,  surprise and s

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effects of Discharge Current and Target Thickness in Dc-Magnetron Sputtering on Grain Size of Copper Deposited Samples
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A study of the effects of the discharge (sputtering) currents (60-75 mA) and the thickness of copper target (0.037, 0.055 and 0.085 mm) on the prepared samples was performed. These samples were deposited with pure copper on a glass substrate using dc magnetron sputtering with a magnetic flux density of 150 gauss at the center. The effects of these two parameters were studied on the height, diameter, and size of the deposition copper grains as well as the roughness of surface samples using atomic force microscopy (AFM).The results of this study showed that it is possible to control the specifications of copper grains by changing the discharge currents and the thickness of the target material. The increase in discharge curre

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Semantic (Badi'iyah)Readings in The Prophetic Praise Poetry (Mada'h Nabawiya) (Abdel Rahim Bin Ahmad Bin Ali Al Borai as a case study)
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The importance of this topic may not be overlooked by many of the specialists, because it is one the sciences of the Arabic language, but it is an important method in the field of influencing the recipient and his aesthetic ability to create influential images as well.
The talking about Semantic (Badi'iyah)is as old as the Arabic age, so it may be talking about it not the new thing because the people who specialized have preceded us and exhausted all the talk .

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Engenharia Agrícola
HYPERSPECTRAL SPECTROSCOPY TO DETECT DIFFERENT RESPONSES OF TWO SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) CULTIVARS TO CHARCOAL ROT (MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA) TOXIN
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the green human resources management practices in a achieving requirements of environmental citizenship- Field research at the General Company for Vegetable Oils.
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The research aims to determine the role of the practices of green human resources management in achieving requirements of environmental citizenship in the workplace, the General Company for Vegetable Oils was chosen for the application of field-side of research which represent one of the important industrial companies in Iraq, which suffers from poor Green human resources management applications, which reflected negatively on the development Environmental citizenship among Employees. The questionnaire use as a tool to collect data and information as well as field presence of the researcher, The research sample included (30) managers of departments and Division ,and through using statistical program (SPSS) the data has been analys

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Product development For Use Some Of The Lean Production Tools A Practical Research in the General Company for the automotive industry
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Abstract 

     This research aims to analyze the reality of the production process in an assembly line Cars (RUNNA) in the public company for the automotive industry / Alexandria through the use of some Lean production tools, and data were collected through permanence in the company to identify the problems of the line in order to find appropriate to adopt some Lean production tools solutions, and results showed the presence of Lead time in some stations, which is reflected on the customer's waiting time to get the car, as well as some of the problems existing in the car produced such as high temperature of the car, as the company does not take into account customer preferences,

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The indexing of the Al-Kindy College Medical Journal in the Scopus Database Journals: A Fundamental Step toward an International Recognition
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On Saturday, May 13, 2023, a glorious day was engraved in the history of Al-Kindy College Medical Journal as it is the day of indexing the journal in the Scopus Database Journals. The journal has paced a strenuous journey to make that achievement.

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