Background:

Background: Molars and premolars are considered as the most vulnerable teeth of caries attack, which is related to the morphology of their occlusal surfaces along with the difficulty of plaque removal. different methods were used for early caries detection that provide sensitive, accurate preoperative diagnosis of caries depths to establish adequate preventive measures and avoid premature tooth treatment by restoration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical sensitivity and specificity rates of DIAGNOdent and visual inspection as opposed to the ICDAS for the detection of initial occlusal caries in noncavitated first permanent molars. Materials and Methods: This study examined 139 occlusal surface of the first permanent

Perhaps going to watch movies in cinemas today has become different from what it was before. The cinematic film, the clarity of the image and the luster of its colors pulled the rug out from under the most important change that occurred in the structure of the contemporary cinematography, which is the sound. The surround sound environment that immerses viewers in the realism of sound that reaches them from all directions, and for this the researcher found it necessary to shed light on this topic because of its importance, so the research problem was represented in the following question: (How are modern sound systems used in the structure of contemporary feature films?) The theoretical framework included two topics: the first: the dialec

The Influence of Some Vitamins and Biochemical Parameters on Iraqi Females’ Patients with Malignant Breast Cancer"

Background: Promotion of bone health is particularly important for young women at reproductive age group, as the critical years for building bone mass are from pre-adolescence to about age 30 years.
patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on three groups, first group of 30 women who had used combined pills for more than 2 years, second group of 30 women who had used Depo-Provera for more than 2 years, last group contain 30 women who had used barrier method or they didn’t use any contraceptive as a control group.Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine (L2-L4), right proximal femur was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in (femoral neck, greater trochanter, ward’s t

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the parametric measurements of transient otoacoustic (TEOAEs) in normal hearing subjects between two clinical centers in Iraq and to examine the community effect on TEOAEs characteristics.
Patients and Methods: Transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAEs) were obtained from eighty subjects (160 ears)-males and females aged (10-20 years), with Forty (40) subjects in Baghdad audiology center and forty subjects in Sulaimania audiology center (North of Iraq)[ Kurdistan-Iraq], in standard, non-linear “Fast Screen” mode. Hearing thresholds, tympanometric, and TEOAE-parameters were recorded between two clinical center groups.
Results: The cross correlation (

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the force degradation of two types of elastomeric chains following different periods of immersion in zinc-containing mouthwashes. Materials and Methods. Four hundred and forty pieces of Elasto-Force and Super Elasto-Force elastomeric chains were divided into two control and eight experimental groups. The pieces were stretched to 25 mm on pins mounted on an acrylic block and stored in distilled water at 37°C. The experimental groups were immersed in four different types of mouthwash for one minute twice a day throughout the test period. Ten continuous thermocycles per day between cold and hot water baths (5–55°C) were carried out. Forces were measured at six-time intervals (in

The nonlinear optical properties response of nematic liquid crystal (6CHBT) and the impact of doping with two kinds of nanoparticles; Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles and SbSI ferroelectric nanoparticles have been studied using the non-linear dynamic method through z-scan measurement technique. This was achieved utilizing CW He-Ne laser. The pure LC and magnetic LC nanoparticle composite samples had a maximum absorption while the ferroelectric LC nanoparticle composite had a minimum absorption of the incident light. The nonlinear refractive index was positive for the pure LC and the rod-like ferronematic LC composite samples, while it was negative for the ferroelectric LC composite. The studying of the nonlinear optical