Background: Passive smoking and dental caries affect the integrity of the health of individuals and both of them affected by sociodemographic characteristics of those individuals. This research aimed to investigate the severity of dental caries in relation to salivary magnesium and zinc of stimulated whole saliva of a group of 10 years passive smokers in comparison with normal subjects. Materials and methods: the study group included 40 subjects (20boys and 20 girls), with an age of 10 years of passive smokers determined by a questionnaire. The control group included 40 normal subjects of the same gender and age of the study group. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was measured by (D1-4MFS & d1-4mfs) index according to the criteria of Muhleman (1976). The collection of stimulated whole saliva was performed under standardized condition. The salivary samples were chemically analyzed for measuring of Zn and Mg. Results: The caries experience among study group was lower than that of control group for primary dentition but without significant difference while for permanent dentition it was equal. Salivary magnesium ions concentration was lower among study group compared with control group with high significant difference. Concerning salivary zinc ion concentration it was higher among study group with high significant difference among females and significant among males. Among males of study group, magnesium correlated negatively significantly with D1, the same correlation was recorded among females where it was with D1and D2 while it was correlated positively highly significantly with d1 of control group and significantly with d1 and D3 among males of control group. For salivary zinc it was correlated negatively highly significantly with D3 of study group. Conclusion: Passive smoking has no effects on dental caries rather than it affects certain salivary constituents.
Perhaps the issue of media and the press, especially one of the most common topics that people deliberate and deal with permanently and continuously. An issue of such significance has pushed researchers to put the following question, “Is it possible to live without media?”, “Can people ignore the newspaper, radio, TV, or the other communication means?”
The answer is very simple. It is difficult for civilized society to overtake information, or dispense with circulation, at the individual or collective level. Yet, the question of how to make the media and how it determines its content still requires extensive media experience; and knowledge of the social structure and its relations; and ac
... Show MoreIdioms are a very important part of the English language: you are told that if you want to go far (succeed) you should pull your socks up (make a serious effort to improve your behaviour, the quality of your work, etc.) and use your grey matter (brain).1 Learning and translating idioms have always been very difficult for foreign language learners. The present paper explores some of the reasons why English idiomatic expressions are difficult to learn and translate. It is not the aim of this paper to attempt a comprehensive survey of the vast amount of material that has appeared on idioms in Adams and Kuder (1984), Alexander (1984), Dixon (1983), Kirkpatrick (2001), Langlotz (2006), McCarthy and O'Dell (2002), and Wray (2002), among others
... Show MoreThis study was conducted to determine the ability of water treatment system (Vortisand) to reduce some chemical and physical properties for tigris river raw water, It consisted of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total hardness, calcium Hardness as well as temperature in order to determine the unit`s efficiency for reducing their concentration as compared to those in the water produced by some classical potable water projects (Dora and Wathba) in Baghdad. Samples were collected during the cold months (December 2016 and January 2017) and during the hot months (May and June 2017). The results showed that this system has the ability to reduce some properties such as turbidity, the values were 215NTU in raw water and decreased to NTU
... Show MoreAbstract: Choosing suitable artificial teeth for partially edentulous patients and arranging these teeth in a way to look natural is difficult. An important factor in dentures construction is the mesiodistal width of anterior teeth, because a denture would not appearance natural if artificial teeth are of incorrect size. While for a successful orthodontic treatment, mesiodeistal width of teeth is important for space analysis and for establishing proper occlusion. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the average mesiodistal width of anterior and posterior teeth in male and female Iraqi population. 40 Iraqi subjects with normal occlusion participated in this study. Mesiodistal measurement of all teeth was carried out
... Show MoreThe research seeks to identify the impact of fraud detection skills in the settlement of compensatory claims for the fire and accident insurance portfolio and the reflection of these skills in preventing and reducing the payment of undue compensation to some who seek profit and enrichment at the expense of the insurance contract. And compensatory claims in the portfolio of fire and accident insurance in the two research companies, which show the effect and positive return of the detection skills and settlement of the compensation on the amount of actual compensation against the claims inflated by some of the insured, The research sample consisted of (70) respondents from a community size (85) individuals between the director and assistan
... Show MoreOver the past few decades, the global usage and applications of different kinds of complementary and alternative medicine are greatly exaggerated among the general population, this requires improving the knowledge of all health care provider including pharmacists toward proper and safe use of different complementary and alternative medicine modalities. The current study aims to assess the Iraqi pharmacists' knowledge, use, and recommendation toward complementary and alternative medicine A cross-sectional pilot survey was done on a convenient sample of Iraqi pharmacists. Data were collected using a pretested
Abstract: Fluoroquinolones drugs are an important class of wide
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