Abstract Background:Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Although mastectomy is considered the treatment of choice for the majority of cases of breast cancer; a noticeable percentage of breast cancer survivors claim they were never advised about reconstruction. It has been proven that breast reconstruction helps breast cancer survivors to overcome the trauma of their diagnosis and improve their psychological well-being.Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and expectations regarding breast reconstruction surgery among female with breast cancer survivors in Baghdad, and to find if there is association between sociodemographic data and expectations of breast reconstruction.Methodology: This is a cross sectional study that included 120 breast-cancer survivors and has been conducted in Medical City/ Oncology teaching hospital during the periodfrom 1st of May 2022 to the 30th of September 2022. A questionnaire-based patient interview was employed as the data collection method. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part collected sociodemographic information, upon which a socioeconomic score was calculated. The second part of the questionnaire consisted of six sections assessing: expectations of medical team, expectations of pain, expectations of coping, expectations of appearance, expectations of implants, and expectations of abdominal function. Results: A statistically significant association was detected between the following: 1- Expectations of medical team and both education and socioeconomic status. 2-Expectations of pain and both education and socioeconomic status.3-Expectations of coping and each of age, occupation and socioeconomic status.4-Expectations of appearance and each of education, occupation and socioeconomic status.5-Expectations of implants and each of education, occupation and socioeconomic status.6-Expectations of abdominal function and occupation.Conclusion: More than half Iraqi women who underwent mastectomy due to breast cancer are of low socioeconomic status. Regarding their expectations toward breast reconstruction, the majority had good expectations of medical team, fair expectation of pain, good expectations of coping, good expectations of appearance, fair expectations of implants, with expectations of abdominal function varying between individuals. Although higher socioeconomic status was a predictor of better expectations regarding medical team, coping, and appearance; meanwhile, it was a predictor of poorer expectation concerning pain and implants.Key word: Breast reconstruction surgery, Awareness and expectation, Breast cancer.
Background: Due to the complicated and time-consuming physiological procedure of bone healing, certain graft materials have been frequently used to enhance the reconstruction of the normal bone architecture. However, owing to the limitations of these graft materials, some pharmaceutical alternatives are considered instead. Chitosan is a biopolymer with many distinguishing characteristics that make it one of the best materials to be used as a drug delivery system for simvastatin. Simvastatin is a cholesterol lowering drug, and an influencer in bone formation process, because it stimulates osteoblasts differentiation, bone morphogenic protein 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Objectives: histological, histochemical and histomorp
... Show MoreBackground: Considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of green tea, this study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effect of the sulcular irrigation of green tea extract in the treatment of experimental gingivitis in rabbit.
Materials and methods: For this experimental study, 45 male rabbits, separated in two groups, control non- irrigated group (5rabbits) and study group (40 rabbits), gingivitis induced by ligatures was packed subgingivally in the lower right central incisors of the experimental group for seven days. Then, the animals were randomly designated to two irrigated groups (20 rabbits
... Show MoreIn this paper, the researcher suggested using the Genetic algorithm method to estimate the parameters of the Wiener degradation process, where it is based on the Wiener process in order to estimate the reliability of high-efficiency products, due to the difficulty of estimating the reliability of them using traditional techniques that depend only on the failure times of products. Monte Carlo simulation has been applied for the purpose of proving the efficiency of the proposed method in estimating parameters; it was compared with the method of the maximum likelihood estimation. The results were that the Genetic algorithm method is the best based on the AMSE comparison criterion, then the reliab
... Show MoreThis research is concerned with the study of the projective plane over a finite field . The main purpose is finding partitions of the projective line PG( ) and the projective plane PG( ) , in addition to embedding PG(1, ) into PG( ) and PG( ) into PG( ). Clearly, the orbits of PG( ) are found, along with the cross-ratio for each orbit. As for PG( ), 13 partitions were found on PG( ) each partition being classified in terms of the degree of its arc, length, its own code, as well as its error correcting. The last main aim is to classify the group actions on PG( ).
The current research demonstrates the ERI method's effectiveness as a supplementary engineering site investigation approach. Engineering site research is important to indicate the subsoil of proposed production sites. The benefit of the dipole-dipole array for ERI electrical resistivity imaging is that it provides informative records of subsurface geology and condition along with profiles. The dipole-dipole array was performed along with three parallel profiles at the Diyala University site to identify the buried facilities (pipes and cables) in the area. The buried electric cable embedded in a plastic tube was used for simulation to report and verify the field resistivity results. Interpretation of field facts confirmed that
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A research study in which a methodology for quality indicators that can be adopted to evaluate the educational process in educational institutions within a specific strategy helps individuals in charge of educational education to make appropriate decisions based on accurate and properly approved plans to achieve successful outcomes.
These indicators can be used to judge the quality of educational institutions in order to improve, improve and develop them. This study has concluded the necessity of putting quality into actual application in order to benefit from it in evaluating the future action of Iraqi educational institutions.
The external changes brought about by technology and family life have made the
... Show MoreNews headlines are key elements in spreading news. They are unique texts written in a special language which enables readers understand the overall nature and importance of the topic. However, this special language causes difficulty for readers in understanding the headline. To illuminate this difficulty, it is argued that a pragmatic analysis from a speech act theory perspective is a plausible tool for a headline analysis. The main objective of the study is to pragmatically analyze the most frequently employed types of speech acts in the news headlines covering COVID-19 in Aljazeera English website. To this end, Bach and Harnish's (1979) Taxonomy of Speech Acts has been adopted to analyze the data. Thirty headlines have been collected f
... Show MoreIn this paper, an intelligent tracking control system of both single- and double-axis Piezoelectric Micropositioner stage is designed using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) method for the optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller tuning parameters. The (GA)-based PID control design approach is a methodology to tune a (PID) controller in an optimal control sense with respect to specified objective function. By using the (GA)-based PID control approach, the high-performance trajectory tracking responses of the Piezoelectric Micropositioner stage can be obtained. The (GA) code was built and the simulation results were obtained using MATLAB environment. The Piezoelectric Micropositioner simulation model with th
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I wanted to address this topic because of creedal purposes importance,and its r le in regulating lives of individuals and society, and to talk about purposes of Almighty's saying:{It is easy for me},to simplify its meanings for general educated person to obtain the believe of the Creator’s power and his oneness.
Therefore,this research came,whichincludes:an introduction and topics, first :concept of creedal objectives and their divisions,second: creedal purposes in Almighty’s saying:{It is easy for me},and conclusion:in where most important results were included:
... Show MoreThe current study presents the cellar spiders genus Nita Huber & El-Hennawy, 2007 (Araneae, Pholcidae) as the first record for Iraq spider fauna, this genus represented by the species Nita elsaff Huber & El-Hennawy, 2007 were identified based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. A short morphological description is also presented for cellar spiders listed in Iraq; including this species in addition to Artema Atlanta Walckenaer, 1837.