One hundred thirty seven Staphylococcus spp. isolates were isolated form one hundred fifty clinical specimens which were collected from several hospitals at Al-Sulaimaniya city. Seventy two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 28 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and 37 isolates related to other coagulase negative staphylocci (S. chromogenes, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus constituted 3.60%, 2.20%, 2.90%, 2.90%, 6.60%, and 8.80%, respectively). Burn specimens represented the highest (P< 0.05) reservoir for S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates. Staphylococci developed variable susceptibility to 4 antibiotics (cefoxitin; 30 μg, oxacillin; 1μg, methicillin; 5μg, and cefotaxime; 30 μg). Neve

    Examining of 80 feces samples showed that 31 samples of the house and stray cats harbored either single or mixed infection with eight species of parasites and protozoa with a total infection rate 38.75 %.The results on parasite classes are: Toxocara cati (5%), Ancylostoma tubeforme (3.75%), Capillaria felis(3.75%), Isospora sp.(10%), Cryptosporidium parvum(3.75%), Cryptosporidium muris (6.25%), Toxoplasma gondi (3.75%), Giardia sp.(2.5%) infection from feces of cats that showed single, double and triple infections. Our findings revealed the risk for public health, thus preventive measures should be implemented.

Our research subject (environmental impact in the cultural output of the civilizations of ancient East) the environmental impact on human civilization and how her and adapted to serve in various cultural aspects especially in ancient cultures whether punches or sculptures and other addresses as well as tracing precious stones and raw materials.  It was the environment of the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt and another effective impact in drawing ancient history through human interaction and responsiveness.  The Iraqi environment was marked by poverty and cruelty on the one hand and on the other cultural elements contributed to the civilization in General and research dealing with technical and product sourcing raw materi

The investment however "was its description and meaning, it remains a resident" in the composition of capital assets located in the forefront of the creation of productive assets, and this means that the investment in the productive sectors is a priority in achieving capital accumulation, on any other investment that takes place with the stages of advanced development of formation , not forgetting "to humans and investment humans as head of real money product, the source of the economic surplus and accumulation, and the source of producing values, and if human labor was the source of value, and the human was the source of work, therefore humanitarian work on different levels and skills presents capital", so the investment in huma

There is a relationship between the sizes of urban centers and regional
development, concerning the role that these centers are playing in
developmental process.
The research assume that the urban system in the governorate, has
been affected by the external environment due to the religious dominance of
Kerbla city.
The research is composed of three sections, the first is a theoretical
background, which focus upon the general directions of the models and
theories that have a relationship with the subject. The second is a practical
part aims at determination the characteristics of the sizes of the cities in the
governorate. Depending upon of previous part, i.e., the practical part section three deals with

In view of the huge and speedy development of the information and communications technology sectores which cover all the life aspects. The traditional government started to adopt the Electronic Government Concept to deliver the information, services and product marketing to the beneficiaries through the Internet and Computer system. The E-government became inevitable necessity that should be applied in every country wishes to face the Modern technical development.

E-government is not on alternative of the traditional government but a supporter which can increase its efficiency by keeping away from the routine and Beaurucratic complexity, this will save the efforts, increase achievement and reduce costs, in addition to Provide Man

Background: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and it’s common among adults. Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontitis induces alveolar bone loss. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is involved in the destruction of the human periodontium. It is produced by many cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, osteoblasts, macrophages and fibroblasts within the area of the periodontium and gingival crevice. Osteocalcin is one of the most abundant matrix proteins found in bones and the only matrix protein synthesized exclusively there. Smaller Osteocalcin fragments are found in areas of bone remodeling and are actually degradation products of the bone matrix.The purpose of

To assess the environmental pollution of the soil at north Baiji City, the concentration of As, Se, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, Sb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, U, Sr, Ba, Ag, Rb, Li, Sn, Bi, Tl and Zn were determined in 18 sites. Results showed that the range concentrations of metal in mg/kg were Mo (0.84-2.15), Cu (17.62-78.77), Pb (9.89-19.19), Zn (39.5-374.7), Ag (0.064-0.14), Ni (90.7-210), Co (12.8-26.6), Mn (407-863), As (4-7.1), Cd (0.18-0.37), Sb (0.38-0.77), Bi (0.06-0.17), V (74-281), Cr (128-287), Li (15.3-24.4), Tl (0.14-0.24), Sn (0.6-1.7), Rb (28-51.2), U (1.2-1.5), Se (0.3-0.6), Ba (173-310), Sr (218-1270). Based on enrichment factor (EF) of trace elements, Mo, Cu, Pb, Mn, Bi, U, V, Li, Sn, Rb, Ba and Tl were showed deficiency to minimal enric

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a disorder of systemic inflammatory condition. Its important features are represented by recurrent oral, genital ulcerations and eye lesions. Aims. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate and compare cytological changes using morphometric analysis of the exfoliated buccal mucosal cells in Behçet’s disease patients and healthy controls, and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of Behçet’s disease. Methods. Twenty five Behçet’s disease patients have been compared to 25 healthy volunteers as a control group. Papanicolaou stain was used for staining the smears taken from buccal epithelial cells to be analyzed cytomorphometrically. The image analysis sof

       The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and markers associated with salinity tolerance in three genotypes of wheat created for salt tolerance by plant breeding program, as well as two Iraqi varieties using random amplified polymorphic cDNA (RAPD-PCR) with eight primers were used. The results of RAPD marker revealed that there are genetic variations in several particular segments of various sizes between the selected genotypes and the local varieties with more genetic variation except for (OPG-09) did not appear any band with the selected genotypes and local cultivars.  The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis (cluster) based on the presence or absence of DNA amplified for each primer were used to