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BotDetectorFW: an optimized botnet detection framework based on five features-distance measures supported by comparisons of four machine learning classifiers using CICIDS2017 dataset
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<p><span>A Botnet is one of many attacks that can execute malicious tasks and develop continuously. Therefore, current research introduces a comparison framework, called BotDetectorFW, with classification and complexity improvements for the detection of Botnet attack using CICIDS2017 dataset. It is a free online dataset consist of several attacks with high-dimensions features. The process of feature selection is a significant step to obtain the least features by eliminating irrelated features and consequently reduces the detection time. This process implemented inside BotDetectorFW using two steps; data clustering and five distance measure formulas (cosine, dice, driver &amp; kroeber, overlap, and pearson correlation) using C#, followed by selecting the best N features used as input into four classifier algorithms evaluated using machine learning (WEKA); multilayerperceptron, JRip, IBK, and random forest. In BotDetectorFW, the thoughtful and diligent cleaning of the dataset within the preprocessing stage beside the normalization, binary clustering of its features, followed by the adapting of feature selection based on suitable feature distance techniques, and finalized by testing of selected classification algorithms. All together contributed in satisfying the high-performance metrics using fewer features number (8 features as a minimum) compared to and outperforms other methods found in the literature that adopted (10 features or higher) using the same dataset. Furthermore, the results and performance evaluation of BotDetectorFM shows a competitive impact in terms of classification accuracy (ACC), precision (Pr), recall (Rc), and f-measure (F1) metrics.</span></p>

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Stability constants of iron(II) supported and lead(II) complexes
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Overall enthalpy and entropy of complex formation were calculated from stability constant measurements at different tempreture also experimental results

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Non-linear support vector machine classification models using kernel tricks with applications
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The support vector machine, also known as SVM, is a type of supervised learning model that can be used for classification or regression depending on the datasets. SVM is used to classify data points by determining the best hyperplane between two or more groups. Working with enormous datasets, on the other hand, might result in a variety of issues, including inefficient accuracy and time-consuming. SVM was updated in this research by applying some non-linear kernel transformations, which are: linear, polynomial, radial basis, and multi-layer kernels. The non-linear SVM classification model was illustrated and summarized in an algorithm using kernel tricks. The proposed method was examined using three simulation datasets with different sample

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 19 2024
Journal Name
Scientific Reports
An in-vitro evaluation of residual dentin retained after using novel enzymatic-based chemomechanical caries removal agents
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To assess the biochemical, mechanical and structural characteristics of retained dentin after applying three novel bromelain‑contained chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) formulations in comparison to the conventional excavation methods (hand and rotary) and a commercial papain‑contained gel (Brix 3000). Seventy‑two extracted permanent molars with natural occlusal carious lesions (score > 4 following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS‑II)) were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 12) according to the excavation methods: hand excavation, rotary excavation, Brix 3000, bromelain‑contained gel (F1), bromelain‑chloramine‑T (F2), and bromelain chlorhexidine gel (F3). The superficial and deepe

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 21 2025
Journal Name
Sciences Journal Of Physical Education
Using two types of electronic questions by applying the Quiz Creator program in the method of guided discovery and its effect on learning and maintaining a motor chain on the throat
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Rapid Detection of Aspergillus flavus isolates producing aflatoxin using UV light on different culture media
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This study included the isolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus isolates associated with imported American rice grains and local corn grains which collected from local markets, using UV light with 365 nm wave length and different media (PDA, YEA, COA, and CDA ). One hundred and seven fungal isolates were identified in rice and 147 isolates in corn.4 genera and 7 species were associated with grains, the genera were Aspergillus ,Fusarium ,Neurospora ,Penicillium . Aspergillus was dominant with occurrence of 0.47% and frequency of 11.75% in rice grains whereas in corn grains the genus Neurospora was dominant with occurrence of 1.09% and frequency 27.25% ,results revealed that 20 isolates out of 50 A. flavus isolates were able

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 31 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Babylon University/pure And Applied Sciences/
An Evaluation of the Effect of Bleaching Agent on Microhardness of a New Silorane-Based Restorative System and Methacrylate-Based Restorative Material
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Abstract Rasha Hameid Jehad Baghdad University Background: The high reactivity of hydrogen peroxide used in bleaching agents have raised important questions on their potential adverse effects on physical properties of restorative materials. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of in-office bleaching agents on the microhardness of a new Silorane-based restorative material in comparison to methacrylate-based restorative material. Materials and method: Forty specimens of Filtek™ P90 (3M ESPE,USA) and Filtek™ Supreme XT (3M ESPE, USA) of (8mm diameter and 3m height) were prepared. All specimens were polished with Sof-Lex disks (3M ESPE, USA). All samples were rinsed and stored in incubator 37˚C for 24 ho

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Features of Modernity in the Works of Saleh Al-Jami (An Analytical Study): رؤى قحطان عبد الله
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Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the art of composition has witnessed major transformations that accompanied the transformations that occurred in the cognitive field. The plastic artists rejected the prevailing artistic line, and sought to create a new artistic format that accommodates the new social and cultural problems. So was the announcement of the era of modernity in the late nineteenth century, with the birth of the impressionism movement that gave a place to challenge all that is familiar. . And he drew the attention of the researcher, and for that he chose the research title (Characteristics of Modernity in the Works of Saleh Al-Jumayyi (Analytical Study)) The researcher divided the research as follows:
Methodolo

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Chaotic features of energy spectrum in 68Ge Nucleus Using the Nuclear Shell Model
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   Chaotic features of nuclear energy spectrum in 68Ge nucleus are investigated by nuclear shell model. The energies are calculated through doing shell model calculations employing the OXBASH computer code with effective interaction of F5PVH. The 68Ge nucleus is supposed to have an inert core of 56Ni with 12 nucleons (4 protons and 8 neutrons) move in the f5p-model space ( and ). The nuclear level density of considered classes of states is seen to have a Gaussian form, which is in accord with the prediction of other theoretical studies. The statistical fluctuations of the energy spectrum (the level spacing P(s) and the Dyson-Mehta (or statistics) are well described by the Gaussian orthogonal ens

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Virology
Chloroviruses Lure Hosts through Long-Distance Chemical Signaling
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Viruses have not previously been reported to act as chemotactic/chemoattractive agents. Rather, viruses as extracellular entities are generally viewed as non-metabolically active spore-like agents that await further infection events upon collision with appropriate host cells. That a virus might actively contribute to its fate via chemotaxis and change the behavior of an organism independent of infection is unprecedented.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
2015 7th Computer Science And Electronic Engineering Conference (ceec)
An experimental investigation on PCA based on cosine similarity and correlation for text feature dimensionality reduction
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