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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Laser Surface Melting by Using Enthalpy Method
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Abstract<p>In this study, experimental and numerical applied of heat distribution due to pulsed Nd: YAG laser surface melting. Experimental side was consists of laser parameters are, pulse duration1.3<italic>ms</italic>, wavelength 1064nm, laser energies 1.5, 2. 6 and 4.3 J, laser beam diameter is 0.6 mm and spot diameter 0.78 mm was applied a low carbon steel type St37 with a dimension 10, 10, 3 mm, length, width and thickness respectively. Numerical analysis side consist of a mathematical model and calculating a thermal cycle by using equation in the enthalpy method applied to determine the cooling rate in fusion zone. The simulation by using the enthalpy method, applied on conduction heat transfer to estimate the cooling rate model in fusion zone and heat affected zones. Cooling rates models are helping to estimate the microstructure and micro hardness distribution in fusion and heat affected zones. The complication of the heat transfer in laser surface melting process, because at in rapid solidification, therefore the enthalpy model is more appropriate for this case. The result shows that increases of laser energy lead to decrease cooling rates and increase width and penetration of fusion zone, also decrease micro hardness in fusion zone and we found an increase in the pool size of fusion and heat affected zones.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effects of fixed orthodontic appliance with antihypertensive drugs on the body weight of experimental rats
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Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of fixed orthodontic appliances and/or antihypertensive drugs on the weight of experimental rats. Materials and Methods: Thir-ty-six male Wistar albino rats were subjected to a split-mouth design study, in which an orthodontic appliance was inserted in one side to move the first molar mesially for 2 weeks while the other side acted as a control to tooth movement. The rats were allocated into three groups: group A (n = 12), without any pharmacological treatment; group B (n = 12), subcu-taneous injection of bisoprolol fumarate (5 mg/kg) daily; and group C (n = 12), subcutaneous injection of valsartan (10 mg/kg) daily. A fixed orthodontic appliance with a closing coil spring delivering 5

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of a Solar Chimney Provided with a Porous Absorber Plate
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Experimental investigation of the influence of inserting the metal foam to the solar chimney to induce natural ventilation are described and analyzed in this work. To carry out the experimental test, two identical solar chimneys (without insertion of metal foam and with insertion of metal foam) are designed and placed facing south with dimensions of length× width× air gap (2 m× 1 m× 0.2 m). Four incline angles are tested (20o,30o,45o,60o) for each chimney in Baghdad climate condition (33.3o latitude, 44.4o longitude) on October, November, December 2018. The solar chimney performance is investigated by experimentally recording absorber pl

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EFFECT OF USING STEVIA LEAF POWDER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A DAIRY PRODUCT (CREAM) AGAINST THE MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE AND THEIR ACCEPTANCE BY THE CONSUMER: EFFECT OF USING STEVIA LEAF POWDER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A DAIRY PRODUCT (CREAM) AGAINST THE MICROORGANISMS THAT CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE AND THEIR ACCEPTANCE BY THE CONSUMER
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The increase in obesity and the many accompanying diseases is attributed to the increased production and consumption of foods made of non-nutritive sweeteners without regard to the risks of consuming additional calories, and this in turn leads to hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders and the resulting imbalance and ill health that have spread to all segments of society. During the research, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 % of stevia sweetener was added to the cream instead of the sugar used. Physical and chemical tests were performed for the stevia extract and the microbial content in the cream, as well as the sensory evaluation. It was noted that fortifying the cream with calorie-free stevia sugar led to the production of

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Economic analysis of the investment of human capital and the policy of privatization
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The research problem is dedicated to investigate reservoirs irrational economic behavior adopted by the ruling elites in developing countries about the investment methodology of human capital and operating policies is based on the terms of reference of economic theory and standards governing the market, which led to a chronic structural imbalance in the workforce structure and lack of consistency with different production structure, in turn, which had a reported effects in the emergence of the phenomenon of unemployment and that they involved a certain privacy, as has become the issues of unemployment and employment in the various countries of the world are issues more important due to the presence of large numbers of the workforce in th

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Embryos & Infertility Researches
Analysis of Amino Acids of the Brain in Embryo and Adult of Quail.
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Amino acids have the role in the process of proteins synthesis. They are an essential source of nitrogen atoms that have a role in the pathways of synthetic reaction pathways. The carbon skeletons of the amino acids are the source of energy in addition to their role as precursors in the paths of interactions. The amino acids analysis for the brain of the quail bird in different stage of development (10-16 days of incubation) in addition to the hatching stage (17th day) and the adult. Materials and Methods: Amino Acids Analysis The amino acids were separated from the embryos and adult brains of the quail bird Coturnix coturnix and were diagnosed based on standard amino acids, using high performance liquid chromatographic device (H.P.L.C.). R

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Cell Surface Expression of 70 KDa Heat Shock Proteins and P21 in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (An Immunohistochemical Study)
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Background: Oral SCC is a complex malignancy where environmental factors, viral infections and genetic alterations most likely interact, and thus give rise to the malignant condition. The HSP70 play a direct role in apoptosis inhibition by aligning the improved integrity of a cell’s proteins with the improved chances of that particular cell’s survival.P21 gene produces p21 protein which is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. The aims of the study were to evaluate and compare the immun-histochemical expression of the HSP70 and cell cycle protein p21in NOM, OED, and OSCC. Correlate both marker expressions with each other. Materials and methods: Forty six formalin-fixed, par

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Comparison consequence of violet and red laser irradiation on the optical properties of cobalt dioxide (CoO2) thin films prepared via (SCSPT)
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Comparison effect of violet and red laser irradiation on the structural properties of mawsonite Cu6Fe2SnS8 [CFTS] thin films deposited via (SCSPT)
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Heliyon
The influence of pulse duration and exposure time of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on lithium disilicate laminate debonding, an in vitro study
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Design and establishment of an implementation program to simulate the far field propagation for a Gaussian beam of x-ray laser
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