NiO0.99Cu0.01 films have been deposited using thermal evaporation
technique on glass substrates under vacuum 10-5mbar. The thickness
of the films was 220nm. The as -deposited films were annealed to
different annealing temperatures (373, 423, and 473) K under
vacuum 10-3mbar for 1 h. The structural properties of the films were
examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that no
clear diffraction peaks in the range 2θ= (20-50)o for the as deposited
films. On the other hand, by annealing the films to 423K in vacuum
for 1 h, a weak reflection peak attributable to cubic NiO was
detected. On heating the films at 473K for 1 h, this peak was
observed to be stronger. The most intense peak is at 2θ = 37

DC glow discharges were generated between a thin cylindrical anode and a flat cathode, streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization; the parameters of photo-ionization depend on the He: CO ratio. Therefore we study streamers in He ( 90%, 80% and 70% ) with (10%, 20% and 30%) CO respectively. The streamer diameter is essentially the change by increase for similar voltage and pressure in all He-CO mixtures.

The Indian costus plasma properties are investigated including electron temperature (Te), "electron density (ne)", "plasma frequency (fp)", " Debye sphere length", and amount of Debye(Nd),  using the spectrum of optical emission technique. There are several energies used, with ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. The Boltzmann Plot is used to calculate the temperature; where as Stark's Line Broadening is used to calculate the electron density. The Indian costus was spectroscopically examined in the air with the laser  at 10 cm away from the target and the optical fiber  at 0.5 cm away. The results were obtained for an electron temperature range of (1.8-2.2) electron volts (ev) and a wavelength range of (300-600) nm. The XRF analysis reveals th

 The aim of this work  is to evaluate concentrations of  natural and artificial radionuclide  in nine different samples of condiments from local markets.     The concentrations of 238 U , 232 Th ,40k  and 137Cs  were measured by using gamma spectroscopy with a high- purity germanium detector. The concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th ,40k  and 137Cs   were found to be in a range of  (21.4 - 91.13), (15.7 - 88.11) , (285.56 – 1100) and (5.1 - 27.5) Bq.kg-1  respectively. These concentrations are not hazardous to public health and the activities are within the allowed  levels

     There has been an increase in demand for nanocomposite, which has resulted in large-scale manufacturers employing high-energy processes and harmful solvents. Because of this, the need for environmentally benign "green" synthesis processes has grown. Other methods for making nanocomposite include using plants and plant products, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae. Green synthesis has minimal toxicity and is safe for human health and the environment compared to other processes, making it the ideal option for creating nanocomposite materials. This work reveals an environmentally friendly synthesis method for magnetic nanocomposites. In particular, they were using an aqueous extract of Artemisia to obtain ZnO/Fe₃O₄

In this work, the spectra of plasma glow produced by Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.064 μm on Al-Mg alloys with same molar ratio samples in air were analyzed by comparing the atomic lines of aluminum and magnesium with that of strong standard lines. The effect of laser energies on spectral lines, produced by laser ablation, were investigated using optical spectroscopy, the electron density was measured utilizing the Stark broadening of magnesium-aluminum lines and the electron temperature was calculated from the standard Boltzmann plot method. The results that show the electron temperature increases in magnesium and aluminum targets but decreases in magnesium: aluminum alloy target, also show the electron density increase all the aluminum,

      In the present work, the effect of the cylindrical configurations of the sputtering device electrodes on the plasma parameters (Debye length, electron temperature, electron density, plasma frequency) is studied. Also, the effect of the argon gas pressure on the discharge properties is examined with gas pressures of (0.08, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) Torr. The properties of the plasma are diagnosed by optical emission spectrometry. The spectroscopic method is adopted for examining the atomic spectra of argon emission.  The electron temperature is determined by the Boltzmann method. While, the Stark-widening method was employed for calculating the electron number density. The voltage against current curves of the cylindrical sprayer disc

      In this paper, the optical emission spectrum (OES) technique was used to analyze the spectrum resulting from the (CdO:CoO)  plasma in air, produced by Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm, τ=10 ns, a focal length of 10 cm, and a range of energy of 200-500 mJ. We identified laser-induced plasma parameters such as electron temperature (T_e) using Boltzmann plot method, density of electron (n_e), length of Debye (λ_D), frequency of plasma (f_p), and number of Debye (N_D), using two-Line-Ratio method. At a mixing ratio of X= 0.5, the (CdO:CoO) plasma spectrum was recorded for different energies. The results of plasma parameters caused by laser showed that, with t