Prediction of daily rainfall is important for flood forecasting, reservoir operation, and many other hydrological applications. The artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is generally used for stochastic forecasting rainfall which is not capable to simulate unseen extreme rainfall events which become common due to climate change. A new model is developed in this study for prediction of daily rainfall for different lead times based on sea level pressure (SLP) which is physically related to rainfall on land and thus able to predict unseen rainfall events. Daily rainfall of east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (PM) was predicted using SLP data over the climate domain. Five advanced AI algorithms such as extreme learning machine (ELM), Bayesian regularized neural networks (BRNNs), Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), extreme gradient boosting (xgBoost), and hybrid neural fuzzy inference system (HNFIS) were used considering the complex relationship of rainfall with sea level pressure. Principle components of SLP domain correlated with daily rainfall were used as predictors. The results revealed that the efficacy of AI models is predicting daily rainfall one day before. The relative performance of the models revealed the higher performance of BRNN with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.678 compared with HNFIS (NRMSE = 0.708), BART (NRMSE = 0.784), xgBoost (NRMSE = 0.803), and ELM (NRMSE = 0.915). Visual inspection of predicted rainfall during model validation using density-scatter plot and other novel ways of visual comparison revealed the ability of BRNN to predict daily rainfall one day before reliably.
An experimental study is conducted to investigate the effect of heat flux distribution on the boiling safety factor of its cooling channel. The water is allowed to flow in a horizontal circular pipe whose outlet surface is subjected to different heat flux profiles. Four types of heat flux distribution profiles are used during experiments: (constant distribution profile, type a, triangle distribution profile with its maximum in channel center, type b, triangle distribution profile with its maximum in the channel inlet, type c, and triangle distribution profile with its maximum in the channel outlet, type d). The study is conducted using heat sources of (1000 and 2665W), water flow rates of (5, 7 and 9 lit/min). The water
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The logistic regression model is one of the nonlinear models that aims at obtaining highly efficient capabilities, It also the researcher an idea of the effect of the explanatory variable on the binary response variable. &nb
... Show MoreThis article describes how to predict different types of multiple reflections in pre-track seismic data. The characteristics of multiple reflections can be expressed as a combination of the characteristics of primary reflections. Multiple velocities always come in lower magnitude than the primaries, this is the base for separating them during Normal Move Out correction. The muting procedure is applied in Time-Velocity analysis domain. Semblance plot is used to diagnose multiples availability and judgment for muting dimensions. This processing procedure is used to eliminate internal multiples from real 2D seismic data from southern Iraq in two stages. The first is conventional Normal Move Out correction and velocity auto picking and
... Show MorePraise be to God who created the soul, perfected it, and inspired it with its immorality and piety. He says in His Noble Book: ﭤ Fajr: 27-30 Glory be to You, O God! O Lord, on whom I have chosen for You as a beloved from myself and the soul of the two worlds, may our master Muhammad be sacrificed for him, who enlightened the horizons with his introduction to enlightenment. It soon ends with the end of pleasure, which is the opposite of the pleasure of thought and meaning, as it is permanent and continuous, and from here we see that the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, urges us in various places to seek knowledge and fortify the soul and thought in a way that raises one’s status and protects him from the st
... Show MoreThe new complexes including Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pt(IV), and Pd(II) metals with 4,4'-(((1E,1'E)-1,4-phenylenebis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione) have been synthesized of utilizing us polystyrene (PS) photostability. The supplement (0,5 w / v%) was for the production of polystyrene ( PS) in the form of tetrahydrofuran (THF). Polystyrene films were exposing irradiation (250 – 380 nm) absorption light intensity of 6.02 x 10-9 ein dm-3 s-1 at room temperature, through the changes that occur to each of viscosity average molecular weight (Mv), main chain scission (S), degree of polymerization (DPn), weight loss %, hydroxyl index (lOH), carbonyl index (ICo) determined the photo stabiliz
... Show MoreThe present study has three objectives: 1) to investigate the prevalence of complex nominals in economic discourse represented via the selected business news texts, 2) to shed some light on the most common translation errors made by second year students in the Department of Translation in rendering complex nominals into Arabic, and 3) to detect the possible causes behind such translation errors and suggest some translation tips which might sound helpful to the students of translation to find the most suitable translation equivalent. The present study is based on an empirical survey in which a selective analysis of someeconomic texts represented in business news texts is made. A corpus of 159 complex nominals was selected from seven busin
... Show MoreThis paper is summarized with one of the applications of adsorption behavior; A UV-Vis method has been applied to survey the isotherm of adsorption. Results for experimental showed the applicability of Langmuir equation. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of cobalt (II) Complex by bentonite surface was studied. The results shown that the amount of adsorption was formed to increase, such as the temperature increase (Endothermic process). Cobalt (II) Complex has adsorption studies by bentonite surface at different pH values (1.6-10); these studies displayed an increase in adsorption with increasing pH. ∆G, ∆H, and ∆S thermodynamic functions of the cobalt (II) Complex for their adsorption have been calculated