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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A YOLO ALGORITHM-BASED ROBOTIC SPRAYER FOR REAL-TIME WEED DETECTION
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Abstract<p> Weed control with chemicals is a challenging process that should be performed in a rational way to reduce their negative impact on the surrounding environment. The growth of artificial intelligence algorithms encourages researchers to develop smart spraying robots that detect and spray weeds and distinguish them from the main crop which leads to sustainable use of these chemicals and achieves some of the sustainable development goals. However, few studies are available to comprehensively compare different versions of YOLO algorithm to detect weed. In this research, seven versions of YOLO algorithms were evaluated for their performance to detect and spray four types of weeds, namely, Cultivated licorice ( <italic>Glycyrrhiza glabra</italic> L.), Dyer’s Croton ( <italic>Chrozophora verbascifolia</italic> ), Lambsquarters ( <italic>Chenopodium album</italic> L.), and Puncturevine ( <italic>Tribulus terrestris</italic> L.) using a locally manufactured remotely controlled spraying robot. The results showed that YOLOv6n surpassed other algorithms which achieved the highest precision (0.89), recall (0.80), F1-score (0.84), mAp@0.50 (0.86), inference speed (18.83 fps), in addition to the field indicators including true positive rate (0.83), false negative rate (0.17), false positive rate (0.19), true negative rate (0.81). </p>
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Thickening Time and Compressive Strength Correlations for Bentonitic- Class "G" Cement Slurries
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Empirical equations for estimating thickening time and compressive strength of bentonitic - class "G" cement slurries were derived as a function of water to cement ratio and apparent viscosity (for any ratios). How the presence of such an equations easily extract the thickening time and compressive strength values of the oil field saves time without reference to the untreated control laboratory tests such as pressurized consistometer for thickening time test and Hydraulic Cement Mortars including water bath ( 24 hours ) for compressive strength test those may have more than one day.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 18 2022
Journal Name
Dental Hypotheses
Microleakage Evaluation of Glass Hybrid Restoration Following Usage of Papain-Based Gel and Ceramic Bur for Caries Removal: An in Vitro Study
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF and Interlukin-8 As a Novel Biomarkers For Early Detection of Ovarian Tumors
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Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths from gynecological malignancies. Angiogenesis is considered essential for tumor growth and the development of metastases. VEGF and IL?8 are potent angiostimulatory molecules and their expression has been demonstrated in many solid tumors, including ovarian cancer.VEGF and IL-8 concentrations were measured by ELISA test (HumanVEGF,IL-8). Bioassay ELISA/ US Biological / USA).The median VEGF and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the sera of ovarian cancer patients than in those with benign tumors and in healthy controls.Pretreatment VEGF and IL-8 serum levels might be regarded as an additional tool in the differentiation of ovarian tumors.

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 10 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Organizational reputation: A descriptive study of concept development and measurement techniques
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The study aimed to monitor the concept of reputation in the previous literature, its relationship to mental image and identity, and to reveal recent trends in its measurement Techniques.

    The study relied on a descriptive approach using library survey and comparative analysis, and the study reached following conclusions:

     Despite the beginning of the first signs of reputation In the fifties of the last century, however, Defining and standardizing the concept with clear and specific dimensions began in the 1990s and the beginning of the third millennium. The concept of reputation refers to the stakeholders’ overall evaluation of organizations, which reflects their perceptions of

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 13 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Design and Evaluation of a Polarizer Filter
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This research includes theoretical and evaluation design of a polarizer filter of high transmission in the near IR region of (900-1200nm) for different incidence angles to obtain a long wave and short wave pass filter using analytical calculations. Results refer to a new configuration design in fewer layers than used in previous studies in the long wave pass at incidence angles (45o,50o,55o). Adopted Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) and Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) as coating material at design wavelength (933nm), the study also included design short wave pass polarizer by using the same coating material.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 03 2021
Journal Name
Lubricants
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer for Distinguishing Oxidation Time of Engine Oil
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Samples of gasoline engine oil (SAE 5W20) that had been exposed to various oxidation times were inspected with a UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to select the best wavelengths and wavelength ranges for distinguishing oxidation times. Engine oil samples were subjected to different thermal oxidation periods of 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours, resulting in a range of total base number (TBN) levels. Each wavelength (190.5 – 849.5 nm) and selected wavelength ranges were evaluated to determine the wavelength or wavelength ranges that could best distinguish among all oxidation times. The best wavelengths and wavelength ranges were analyzed with linear regression to determine the best wavelength or range to predict oxidation t

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Construction Engineering And Management
Development of Assessment Tool for Workforce Sustainability
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Shared Congestion Detection: A Comparative Study
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Most Internet-tomography problems such as shared congestion detection depend on network measurements. Usually, such measurements are carried out in multiple locations inside the network and relied on local clocks. These clocks usually skewed with time making these measurements unsynchronized and thereby degrading the performance of most techniques. Recently, shared congestion detection has become an important issue in many computer networked applications such as multimedia streaming and
peer-to-peer file sharing. One of the most powerful techniques that employed in literature is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with cross-correlation operation to determine the state of the congestion. Wavelet transform is used as a de-noisin

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 23 2022
Journal Name
Specialusis Ugdymas
Intrusion Detection System Techniques A Review
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With the high usage of computers and networks in the current time, the amount of security threats is increased. The study of intrusion detection systems (IDS) has received much attention throughout the computer science field. The main objective of this study is to examine the existing literature on various approaches for Intrusion Detection. This paper presents an overview of different intrusion detection systems and a detailed analysis of multiple techniques for these systems, including their advantages and disadvantages. These techniques include artificial neural networks, bio-inspired computing, evolutionary techniques, machine learning, and pattern recognition.

Publication Date
Fri Sep 03 2021
Journal Name
Entropy
Reliable Recurrence Algorithm for High-Order Krawtchouk Polynomials
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Krawtchouk polynomials (KPs) and their moments are promising techniques for applications of information theory, coding theory, and signal processing. This is due to the special capabilities of KPs in feature extraction and classification processes. The main challenge in existing KPs recurrence algorithms is that of numerical errors, which occur during the computation of the coefficients in large polynomial sizes, particularly when the KP parameter (p) values deviate away from 0.5 to 0 and 1. To this end, this paper proposes a new recurrence relation in order to compute the coefficients of KPs in high orders. In particular, this paper discusses the development of a new algorithm and presents a new mathematical model for computing the

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