Background: The axillary artery is a direct continuation of the subclavian artery. The axillary artery is usually described as giving off six branches. The first part gives superior thoracic artery. The second part gives lateral thoracic (LT) and thoracoacromial(TAC) arteries. The third part gives three, subscapular(SS), anterior circumflex humeral(ACH)and posterior circumflex humeral(PCH) arteries. Anatomical variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery are quiet common and typically include the subscapular artery(SS), lateral thoracic artery(LT) and the posterior circumflex humeral artery(PCH). The variation of the axillary artery branching pattern has anatomical as well as clinical and surgical relevance given the proximity to the shoulder joint and humerus.
Patients & Method: Bilateral axilla dissection was conducted on 26 embalmed axillae (13 cadavers) to allow examination of the axillary artery and its branches. The study was carried out in Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine.
Results: The classical branching pattern of the LT originating from the axillary artery posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle and the SS producing the circumflex scapular (CS) artery and thoracodorsal(TD) occurred in 77%. The SS was observed originating from the LT 7% of the time. The LT was observed originating from the SS 5% of the time. The LT was observed producing the circumflex scapular artery and TD in the absence of SS 2.5% of the time. The PCH originated from four different sources, from the third part of axillary artery as is classically described in 77%. From the SS 11%. From deep brachial artery DB 9% and from LT 2%.
Conclusion: Vascular variation in the axillary artery and its branches is quiet common , This variation should be considered seriously as will implicate risk of bleeding during surgery in the axilla and also the difficulty in interpretation of the angiography after axillary catheterization.
The isomerization of n-hexane on platinum loaded acidic zeolite was studied at atmospheric pressure, H2/nC6 molar ratios of 1-4 and temperature range of 240-270ºC. The measured kinetic data were fitted to an equation based on the bifunctional mechanism and by using independently obtained dehydrogenation and adsorption data. The activation energies of protonation (ΔHpro) and the elementary isomerization step (Eact,iso) and as well as the corresponding preexponential factor were simultaneously determined. The observed values of both ΔHpro and Eact,iso are in agreement with the results of quantum-chemical calculations.
This is a survey study that presents recent researches concerning factional controllers. It presents several types of fractional order controllers, which are extensions to their integer order counterparts. The fractional order PID controller has a dominant importance, so thirty-one paper are presented for this controller. The remaining types of controllers are presented according to the number of papers that handle them; they are fractional order sliding mode controller (nine papers), fuzzy fractional order sliding mode controller (five papers), fractional order lag-lead compensator (three papers), fractional order state feedback controller (three papers), fractional order fuzzy logic controller (three papers). Finally,
... Show MoreThe aim of the present work is concerned with the effect of ?-irradiation on PM-355 with absorbed dose of (30-160Mrad) range. This polymer is evaluated spectrophotometrically for use as high dose dosimeters. The absorption spectra of irradiated samples showed radiation induced absorption changes. There is an increment in absorption proportional with absorbed dose. This increment is attributed to interfaces traps which, are formed by irradiation. Calibration curve was drawn .The linear relation was found in calibration curve, and dosimeter range was determined from the linear part. The linearity in response curve suggested that PM-355 could be used as dosimeter within (30-160Mrad) rang. Energy gap shift was used as a second tool to determin
... Show MoreWe used to think of grammar as the bones of the language and vocabulary as the flesh to be added given that language consisted largely of life generated chunks of lexis. This “skeleton image” has been proverbially used to refer to that central feature of lexis named collocation- an idea that for the first 15 years of language study and analysis gave a moment‟s thought to English classroom material and methodology.
The work of John Sinclair, Dave Willis, Ron Carter, Michael McCarthy, Michael Lewis, and many others have all contributed to the way teachers today approach the area of lexis and what it means in the teaching/learning process of the language. This also seems to have incorporated lexical ideas into the teaching mechanis
The research Concentrates on modern Variable in the organizations that is 6 sigma. The field study is two of Iraqi industrial organizations, The first is state company of …………… , the other is the state company of ……
The problem of the research determines some questions and hypotheses, The data was Collected by question air, which contains 5 dimensions and (10) critical Successful factories .
The sample contains (42) who Works in that organizations. The points out many conclusions. The main of it, there is significant differences among the two organizations Then The research concluded with a number of important recommendations serve it's objectives .
... Show MoreIn present project, new Schiff base of 4, 4'- (((1E, 1'E)-1,4-.phenylenebis- (methane-ylylidene))-bis-(azane-ylylidene)) bis-(5-(4-chlorophenyl) -4H -1,2,4-triazole-3-thione) (L3) has been synthesized by condensation of 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with benzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde. The new asymmetrical Schiff base (L3) used as a ligand to synthesize a new complex with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) metal ions by 1:2 (Metal: ligand) ratio. New ligand and their complexes have been exanimated and Confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR), carbon-hydrogen nitrogen sulf
... Show MoreHeritage is considered as the civilization and cultural wealth accumulated over the . centuries, whereas architectural heritage is the physical witness of that civilization. Despite the fact that architectural heritage is the most important effort for economic development of any communit,، it suffers from deterioration and neglection especially in the Arab communities. Recently awareness has increased about the importance of investing on architectural heritage generally and sustainable investment particularly. The goal of investment process in heritage areas is to revive economic activity in addition to attempt to revive the heritage and community values. Research aims to examine the relationship between sustainable investment and
... Show MoreThe main objective of this paper is to calculate the perturbations of tide effect on LEO's satellites . In order to achieve this goal, the changes in the orbital elements which include the semi major axis (a) eccentricity (e) inclination , right ascension of ascending nodes ( ), and fifth element argument of perigee ( ) must be employed. In the absence of perturbations, these element remain constant. The results show that the effect of tidal perturbation on the orbital elements depends on the inclination of the satellite orbit. The variation in the ratio decreases with increasing the inclination of satellite, while it increases with increasing the time.