Background: The electrocardiographic QT interval has been extensively studied in diabetes mellitus. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the relationship between diabetes and QT abnormalities .The QT interval, which is easily obtained from a standard resting electrocardiogram( ECG), reflected the total duration of ventricular myocardial depolarization and repolarization. The heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) by Bazett's formula on the electrocardiogram has been proposed as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias in diabetes mellitus. Dispersion of QT(QTd) is defined as the difference between maximum and minimum QT interval QT interval on 12 lead ECG, which reflected spatial ventricular repolarization in homogeneity ,has been report to increase in diabetic subjects compare with non diabetic subjects.
Patients and Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (n=80) and healthy subjects (n=25) were required to have 12-lead ECG suitable for QT analysis ,QT interval was measured in each lead to
found(maximum, minimum, and mean ).QT interval vary according to the heart rate, it can be corrected using Bazett's formula to give QTc interval, and to found (maximum, minimum, and mean).Dispersion of QT interval(QTd) was calculate using the difference between the maximum and minimum QT interval duration as same as for dispersion of corrected QT interval(QTcd).
Result: There were significant difference in QT interval indices between type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects (P<0.05) as well as the correct QT interval indices. ROC curve analysis of QT and QTc interval duration parameters demonstrated that no QT parameters performs better than maximum and minimum of QT and QTc, areas under ROC curve were(0.69 and 0.66 P<0.001)for maximum and mean QT respectively and (0.80 and 0.75 P<0.001) for maximum and mean QTc respectively. From this result we can say that QTc parameters better than QT parameters in context of patients and control differences. In multiple linear regression models, maximum, mean, and dispersion of QT interval were significantly affect by diabetes mellitus after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and heart rate. Whereas, only maximum and mean QTc were significantly affected by diabetes mellitus after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. Prolongation of QT interval (QTc and QTd) also seen in a diabetic subjects which significant different as compare to the healthy subjects.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that corrected QT interval (maximum and mean)in a routine ECG is a useful marker to identify the QT abnormalities differentiating diabetes type 2 from healthy subjects.
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The Leishmania donovani parasite causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an acute and fatal form of leishmaniasis. Because traditional therapy alternatives, such as glucantime and other pentavalent medicines, are toxic and have side effects, new treatments with fewer negative effects are needed. Only a handful of drugs are clinically beneficial to treatments of the disease, but considerable limitations threaten their very usage. Novel, safe, and efficient drugs, including those against antimalaria and leishmaniasis co-infections, are so essential. Artemether (ATM) is an Artemisinin derivative that has been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of malaria and, more recently, leishmaniasis. The current research was carried out to evaluate th
... Show MoreAttitude is an important subject that has attracted researchers and thinkers in organizational theory and organizational behavior because of its great importance in various field studies. Field evidence suggests that individuals in their daily lives or careers respond to specific events through a set of internal tendencies Internal tendencies are negative or positive and systematic. These trends tend to be invisible, not limited to certain boundaries, and involve a significant number of individuals within organizations or society.
The research aims to identify the impact of trends in the ethics of public service workers for individuals, through a sample of (72) doctors and (60) administrative staff
... Show MoreThe class of quasi semi -convex functions and pseudo semi -convex functions are presented in this paper by combining the class of -convex functions with the class of quasi semi -convex functions and pseudo semi -convex functions, respectively. Various non-trivial examples are introduced to illustrate the new functions and show their relationships with -convex functions recently introduced in the literature. Different general properties and characteristics of this class of functions are established. In addition, some optimality properties of generalized non-linear optimization problems are discussed. In this generalized optimization problems, we used, as the objective function, quasi semi -convex (respectively, strictly quasi semi -convex
... Show MoreArab heritage have teem much of the literature value, written by evacuated, who had a legacy of linguistic great scientists, but the circumstances are unknown, did not write those books or authors emerge, chose to search for a book of those compositions, he did not write to him and his book emerge, fell hands a book (Altvsh in the language) to Abu Sufyan grammar, a fourth-century scientists, as it is Abu Sufyan grammar of scientists who rolled up the time their impact, and the cryptic revelations among the stars, preferring to stand on this book and its author, a statement of the most important grammatical aspects contained therein; to notch the curtain for this world, and his book (Altvsh in strewn language and Mnzawmha and express the
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Seismic data interpretation study has been done for Mishrif Formation in Nasiriyah oil field at the southern part of Iraq in order to update the structural image of Mishrif reservoir which is currently the main unit bearing the oil in subsurface area covered about (447) km2. This study is achieved by using Petrel, IP, and other approval software. Seismic to well tie method in conventional qualitative interpretation used to re-identify the top and bottom of the Mishrif reservoir which converted into structural depth maps and then followed by constructing and developing 3-D structural model helped to understand the vertical and lateral thickness extensions heterogeneity of Mishrif Formation in the field. The cap rock (CRI) has thickness ra
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