Background: Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase -5 (PDE-5) inhibitor increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and amplifies many biological actions of nitric oxide (NO) which is an important mediator of gastric mucosal defense ; was evaluated in this study using different doses for its cytoprotective effect on gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin . We also evaluated the effect of this drug on NO production, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Interlukin-4 (IL-4) expression.
Methods: The study was performed between April and July 2008 in the Department of Pharmacology / College of Medicine /Baghdad University .It was conducted on 80 adult male albino rats, divided into 8 groups, the first served as a control received the vehicle, the second received indomethacin orally of 60mg/kg .The third and fourth groups were pretreated 30 minutes prior indomethacin with oral sildenafil 10 and 20mg/kg respectively. The other groups were pretreated 30 minutes prior to sildenafil (10and20mg/kg) with intraperitoneal NG-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) 20mg/kg with or without L-Arginine. The rats were then sacrificed after 4 hours and their stomachs were isolated and submitted to macroscopical assessment and for the measurement of the gastric PGE2, MPO, and IL-4.
Results: Sildenafil (10 and 20 mg/kg) pretreatment resulted in a significant (p<0.01) decrease in the gastric damage score. The MPO activity was significantly (p<0.01) decreased, while the level of IL-4 was significantly (p<0.01) increased. On the other hand PGE2 level was not changed. L-NAME given 30 min before 10 and 20 mg/kg sildenafil, significantly (p<0.01) abolished the protective effects of sildenafil and also reversed the effects of sildenafil on MPO activity and IL-4 levels. On the other hand addition of L-Arginine resulted in the restoration of the protective effects of sildenafil which was also reflected on the gastric damage score, MPO activity and IL-4 levels.
Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the injurious effect of indomethacin can be reduced or ameliorated by sildenafil pretreatment, and that the protective effect of sildenafil against
indomethacin was through an NO dependent pathway.
This research aimd to analyze the role of strategic entreprenenial on according to the external performance of a sample of Iraqi private banks, namely, (National Islamic Bank, Iraqi Ahli Bank, Baghdad Bank , Middle East Iraqi Investment Bank) has launched research in fundamental problem stems from the question seeking his response to the characterization of the problem which is improve banking performance through strategic entreprenenial and to achieve the goal of the research was to prepare a questionnaire included a number of questions about the independent research and approved variables accounting for the independent variable strategic entreprenenial and included four dimensions (entreprenenial culture), entreprenenial leader
... Show MoreShow the greatness of Allah Almighty when contemplating the benefits of trees and plants in
Life in general and trees mentioned in the Koran in particular, do not have to meditate that
He acknowledges the greatness of the Almighty Creator, and his preference over man, that he is prepared for his livelihood
And give him what he can do in this life to the fullest.
The study also stressed the need to urge people to this great blessing trees
By preserving them and wasteful wastefulness.
The study also pointed to the need to guide people towards the aesthetics and improvements of
Look through and enjoy the beauty of trees, flowers, greenery and fruits ..
Varied uses of international rivers in the past few decades dramatically, resulting in this multiplicity of uses and all associated with it for the occurrence of freshwater scarcity activities, and thus an increase in conflicts and disputes around on the rights of each of the riparian countries to benefit from the waters of the river at various purposes, particularly the establishment of dams on some of them as is the case (Renaissance Ethiopian) big impact on downstream countries Dam (Egypt and Sudan), due to the Oukuahma at the end of the Nile Valley made them vulnerable to environmental fluctuations, political crises facing the Nile basin countries, and any reduction in the proportion of water is not only the Nile River, but for all r
... Show MoreNecessary and sufficient conditions for the operator equation I AXAX n  ï€* , to have a real positive definite solution X are given. Based on these conditions, some properties of the operator A as well as relation between the solutions X andAare given.
This work deals with the description of histopathological effects of the nematode Hartertia
gallinarurn Theiler. 1919 on the digestive system of the seesee partridge collected from Qa’ra
area in the western desert district of Iraq. along with some notes on intensity fluctuation of the
parasite according to the seasons. It is found that the major effects of the nematode are
necrosis and fibrosis of gizzard: granulomatous reaction. necrosis and mononuclear
infiltration of proventriculus: damage of mucosal lining of intestine and lymphocytic
infiltration of liver.
Hydrogen peroxide was determined by a new , accurate , sensitive and rapid method via continuous mode of FIA coupled with total luminescence measurement which include the chemiluminescence generated ,based on the oxidation of Luminol which is loaded on poly acrylic acid gel beads by hydrogen peroxide in presence of Cobalt (II) ion as a chemiluminescence catalyst and the fluorescence that was created by the insitu radiation of the released chemiluminescence light. Fluorescien molecule was used as an accepter fluorophore where it is irradiated internally and instantly by the generation of luminol chemiluminescence light as internal source for irradiation of fluorescien molecule (Fluorescence Energy Transfer (FRET) ) . It can easily give fl
... Show MoreNaturally available products have been used widely for centuries in handling human disease. The present study aimed to determine the effect of aluminum potassium sulfate addition into the soft liner on tensile strength and peel bond strength. The effect of aluminum potassium sulfate evaluated by two methods, first one include incorporation of KAL (SO4)2 into soft liner monomer in concentration (2%,3% by wt.) while the second method include immersion of soft liner specimens in solution of KAL(SO4)2 in concentration(5%,10% percent) during time periods (0,10 minutes). In conclusions, the results of current study encourage use KAL (SO4)2 within soft liner material
The research problem lies in the lack of accurate scientific perceptions concerning the reality of the communicator and the factors influencing his job. The research is aimed at introducing the communicator in the university press, clarifying the obstacles facing him, and uncovering the level of his job satisfaction and his visions of developing his work. The researcher adopted the survey method in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data using a questionnaire. A set of results and conclusions has been reached, most importantly are:
*The communicator performs multiple missions including writing, editing, and collecting info |
Abstract:
The current research included " Diagnosis of the reality of the gap for the requirements of Business Continuity Management System According to International Standard (ISO 22301: 2012) in Midland Refineries Company (Daura Refinery) " , for development of an administrative system for Business Continuity is considered a priority in the present day, and in the light of the organizations dependence on computers and information technology in work and communication with others . the international legitimacy (represented by the international organization for standardization (ISO)) remains the basis for matching and commitment , and the importance of the application of Business Continuity Management Syst
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