The objective of this study was to investigate and compare among five different methods of contraception including combined oral contraceptive pills (COC), Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), vaginal spermicides and male condom used in Hawler City through estimate of their effect, relative failure rate, percentage of use, adherence and compliance and adverse effects of each contraceptive method. In order to reach to these aims, a retrospective study was conducted in Hawler City in Azadi Health Care Center over a period of 6 months from 22^th November, 2010 to 15^th May, 2011 during which data collection and subjects follow up for 3 months had been achieved. A conv

The work reported in this study focusing on the abrasive wear behavior for three types of pipes used in oil industries (Carbone steel, Alloy steel and Stainless steel) using a wear apparatus for dry and wet tests, manufactured according to ASTM G65. Silica sand with
hardness (1000-1100) HV was used as abrasive material. The abrasive wear of these pipes has been measured experimentally by measuring the wear rate for each case under different sliding speeds, applied loads, and sand conditions (dry or wet). All tests have been conducted using sand of particle size (200-425) µm, ambient temperature of 34.5 °C and humidity 22% (Lab conditions).
The results show that the material loss due to abrasive wear increased monotonically with

This thesis aims to show the effects of the development of the traditional manual system of the tax accounting process to the electronic system by the activation of the tax identification numbers (TINs) mechanism. The impact of this development is facilitating the tax accounting process, tax fraudand thus increasing the tax outcome.To prove the research hypothesis, an electronic system was designed based on income tax report, estimation note of individuals, in additional to using Adobe Dreamweaver application to write PHP, HTML, Javascript, and CSS web languages to implement  the proposed system. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is; not enough the communication methods between the Genera

     The wide use of lead compounds as an engine anti-knock reflects conversely on all components of the ecosystem. This study aimed to detect the concentration of lead in various types of gasoline and gas oil that are highly consumed by vehicles. Eight fuel samples were collected from different feul stations distributed in different districts of Baghdad city. These included two gas oil (diesel) stations and three stations for each type of gasoline (leaded and unleaded). Lead was extracted by the modified chemical method, and then flame atomic absorption technique was applied to assay its concentrations. The results indicated that lead levels were within permitted limits (150 mg Lead L^-1) recommended by the

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine illnesses affecting reproductive - age women. L-carnitine has important roles in oxidative stress, energy production and glucose metabolism. It affects insulin resistance as decreased plasma carnitine level has been well reported in type II diabetes mellitus. Hence, it means L-carnitine may reduce insulin resistance which is found in PCO disease.

Objective: This study aims to measure the level of L-carnitine and insulin resistance in both obese and non- obese patients with PCOS.

Patients and Methods: Sixty women within the reproductive age with PCOS (30 obese and 30 non- obese) were recruited

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine illnesses affecting reproductive - age women. L-carnitine has important roles in oxidative stress, energy production and glucose metabolism. It affects insulin resistance as decreased plasma carnitine level has been well reported in type II diabetes mellitus. Hence, it means L-carnitine may reduce insulin resistance which is found in PCO disease. Objective: This study aims to measure the level of L-carnitine and insulin resistance in both obese and non- obese patients with PCOS. Patients and Methods: Sixty women within the reproductive age with PCOS (30 obese and 30 non- obese) were recruited from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic in Baghdad T

   For extraction chloro anion complexes of Cd2+ and Hg2+ used many organic agents as extractant according to liquid ion exchange method such as α-Naphthyl amine (α-NA), 4-Amino benzoic acid (4-ABA), 2-[(4-Carboxy methyl phenyl) azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMePADPI) and Cryptand (C222). This study includes definition hydrochloric acid concentration in aqueous phase and shaking with organic phase necessary for extraction as well as shaking time, organic solvent effect, interferences and alkaline salt effect. Thermodynamic showed the ion exchange reaction was exothermic for α-NA, C222 and endothermic for 4-ABA, 4-CMePADPI for extraction CdCl4=, but for extraction HgCl4= was exothermic with 4-ABA, 4CMePADPI and C222 but

      Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common heterogeneous disorder syndrome in females, characterized by chronic oligoovulation, polycystic ovary, and hyperandrogenism. This study aimed to the association of ferritin and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) levels with insulin resistance, cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks. Patients and methods: (61) Iraqi women with PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria, were subdivided according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) to: (20) lean women with normal BMI: (18-24), (17) overweight women with BMI: (25-29) and (25) obese women with BMI >30. For the the purpose of comparison, (20) healthy Iraqi women were enrolled as controls ma