Background: Several factors render chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been widely studied.
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of CLL and its role in disease progression.
Patients, materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (45 males & 15 females) compared with 20 controls (anemic patients), all recr

In this work,  the study of corona domination in graphs is carried over which was initially proposed by G. Mahadevan et al. Let be a simple graph. A dominating set S of a graph is said to be a corona-dominating set if every vertex in is either a pendant vertex or a support vertex. The minimum cardinality among all corona-dominating sets is called the corona-domination number and is denoted by (i.e) . In this work, the exact value of the corona domination number for some specific types of graphs are given. Also, some results on the corona domination number for some classes of graphs are obtained and the method used in this paper is a well-known number theory concept with some modification this method can also be applied to obt

The dislocation and gifts at special is the aspect of social life they reflect us how rich and influential class of society, a special category of the ruling category of the caliph and his family and his ministers and his generals and senior statesmen, a powerful and wealth and power and study here dealing with the effect the media for the distribution of dislocations and gifts to the special category both internally and for employers the state and its men or externally represented foreign relations with princes in the state and the regions and include the definition of the concepts above with surrounding contents and events distributed as the some of which were distributed in certain occasions fixed times while others did not have a spe

The title of this research is "The Special Conditions for the Crime of Extradition in Accordance With International Law Provisions and Iraqi Law." The examination of the conditions of extradition is of paramount importance because it establishes the general provisions on the basis of which extradition is made, if such conditions are met at the time of the issuing of the extradition decision. Crimes vary according to their types, gravity and description. For this reason, the conditions for determining the crimes in which extradition is permissible have been established. These conditions are that the crime committed is of a certain gravity. The second condition is dual criminality in the requesting State and the States to be extradited; th

Background: Pruritus often constitutes a major problem for patients with end stage renal disease. The pathophysiological mechanism of chronic kidney disease -associated pruritus is poorly defined.
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of uremic pruritus in dialysis patients and their correlation with the laboratory and clinical parameters in some Iraqi patients with chronic renal disease.
Patients & methods: This analytic, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 103 patients on haemodialysis. Blood urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone were determined. Complete blood count was also performed.
Results: Of the 103 patients included in the study the, 79 patients (76.7%)

Background: Patients with chronic renal failure ( CRF) are at increased rick of cardiovascular diseases and 60 of cardiovascular mortality in CRF is attributed to sudden  death.

Ciprofloxacin, which is a second generation of fluoroquinolone and one of the most effective and widely used drugs within fluoroquinolone. Unfamiliar adverse effects of ciprofloxacin such as bone marrow (BM) suppression, thrombocytopenia, anemia, agranulocytosis, renal failure, and others observed. Lutein, is a xanthophyll (an oxygenated carotenoid), was focused by most studies as it has a strong antioxidant activity in vitro; and also, it has been associated with reducing the risk of the age-related disorders. The current study was designed to describe the role of apoptosis through the measurement of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) marker, as mechanisms of bone marrow toxicity induced by ciprofloxacin and to find whether lutei

The present study aims at assessing the effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on thyroid hormone and leptin by evaluating the level of: leptin hormone along with thyroid hormone in CKD patients. The study has been conducted on  70 subjects, 50 patients with an age range between 20-50 years (25  males and 25 females) who were diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, and 20 normal controls whose ages ranged between 20-48 years (10  males and 10 females), who attended  the Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq from April  2018  to July  2018. The study showed a highly significant (P<0.01) increase in TSH level in CKD patients in comparison with controls. While T3 and T4 levels observed highly significant decrea

The study aims to investigate the effect of Al2O3 and Al additions to Nickel-base superalloys as a coating layer on oxidation resistance, and structural behavior of nickel superalloys such as IN 738 LC. Nickel-base superalloys are popular as base materials for hot components in industrial gas turbines such as blades due to their superior mechanical performance and high-temperature oxidation resistance, but the combustion gases' existence generates hot oxidation at high temperatures for long durations of time, resulting in corrosion of turbine blades which lead to massive economic losses. Turbine blades used in Iraqi electrical gas power stations require costly maintenance using traditional processes regularly. These blades are made

This study focused on determining the markers of Macrophage migration inhibitor (MIF), as well as the N-telopeptides of type I bone collagen (NTX), and some other parameters (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (Vit D), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), and their correlation with other parameters in osteoporosis. One hundred ten subjects were involved in the current study. There were two groups of patients: group I (30) women with severe osteoporosis and group II (30) women with mild osteoporosis. For comparison, 50 apparently healthy individuals were included as a control. Serum levels of MIF, and NTX were significantly higher in groups I and II as compared to the control group, which indicate that these two parameters