Background: Hepatitis C and B is common disease all over the world and their chronicity is a social and medical problem so medical treatment by alpha interferon can change the mortality and morbidity.
Object: Identify the incidence of the side effects of pegylated interferon alpha in a sample of Iraqi patients with chronic hepatitis B&C and their relation to age, gender, duration of treatment and type of hepatitis comparing them with the literatures from other countries.
Patients and methods:A descriptive case series study was conducted on 50 patients, 24 male and 26 female, with established diagnosis of hepatitis B(20 patients)and C(30 patients) who attend Baghdad Teaching hospital and Gastroenterology and Hepatology centre in Baghdad between the period of January 2009 and October 2010 with follow up over at least 3 months.
A direct interview with detailed history and thorough clinical examination with some simple laboratory investigation were done to determine any of the documented side effects of alpha interferon therapy or discover new side effects not elicited in the studies done on other populations.
Results: Flu-like illness is the most common side effect (84%), followed by fatigue, anorexia, local reaction and neuropsychiatric side effects while Neutropenia, lymphopenia and thyroiditis are rare.
There is no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between age groups with the exception of constipation which occurs more in younger age group. Arthralgia, palpitation, eczema, itching and rash increase in incidence with prolonged duration of treatment.
There is no significant difference in incidence of side effects between both genders apart from hypertension (more in female) and dizziness (more in male).
There is no significant difference in incidence of side effects between patients with hepatitis B&C but anemia occurs more in patients with hepatitis C and tremor reported more in patients with hepatitis B.
Conclusion: Almost all patients on treatment with interferon-based regimen will experience adverse events that can threaten good adherence. Flu-like illness is the most common side effect (84%), followed by fatigue, anorexia, local reaction and neuropsychiatric side effects (depression, nervousness, insomnia).
The higher incidence of anemia in patients with hepatitis C is mostly due to concomitant ribavirin therapy.
Age, gender, type of hepatitis and duration of treatment can affect the incidence of interferon therapy.
This study was conducted to detect the relationship between organic content in the sediment of Rivers Tigris and Diyala, at two locations south of Baghdad, with some environmental factors and the benthic invertebrates and values of diversity indices. Monthly samples collected from the area for the period November 2007 to October 2008. Results showed differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of the two sites, Where the annual average in Tigris and Diyala were respectively for: water temperature (19, 20) C°, pH (8, 8), dissolved oxygen (4, 8) mg / l , Biochemical oxygen Demand BOD5 (3,44 ) mg/l, TDS (632,1585) mg / l, TSS (42, 44) mg / l, turbidity (28,74) NTU, and total hardness as CaCO3 (485,823) mg / l ,Sulfat
... Show MoreBackground: Acne is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder skin disease most frequently occurring during the adolescent in ages of 12-24, with estimated percentage ( 85%) . There are different ways to treat acne such as using of antibiotics , herpes , and mixing treatments .
Methods : Antibacterial activity of four concentrations (100,50,25,12.5)mg /ml of alcoholic and cold aqueous crude extracts of Cinnamon(Cinnamomum verum ), Henna (Lawsonia inermis ) , Lupine (Lupinus luteus) were studied against aerobic and&nbs
... Show MoreDiabetic foot is a catastrophic complication of diabetes. This study included isolation and identification of three types of bacteria that cause diabetic foot ulcers, fifty-five isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, thirty-five isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, and thirty isolates of Serratia marcescens. These isolates were obtained from diabetic foot patients at different private clinics in and around Baghdad and Medical City Hospital. The proportion of male patients was greater than females, and it was noted that the age group (51-68 years) was more ages affected by diabetic foot. These isolates showed high resistance to most of the antibiotics used, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to
... Show MoreAbstract:-
The approach maintenance and replacement one of techniques of operations research whom cares of the failure experienced by a lot of production lines which consist of a set of machines and equipment, which in turn exposed to the failure or work stoppages over the lifetime, which requires reducing the working time of these machines or equipment below what can or conuct maintenance process once in a while or a replacement for one part of the machine or replace one of the machines in production lines. In this research is the study of the failure s that occur in some parts of one of the machines for the General Company for Vege
... Show MoreLinear regression is one of the most important statistical tools through which it is possible to know the relationship between the response variable and one variable (or more) of the independent variable(s), which is often used in various fields of science. Heteroscedastic is one of the linear regression problems, the effect of which leads to inaccurate conclusions. The problem of heteroscedastic may be accompanied by the presence of extreme outliers in the independent variables (High leverage points) (HLPs), the presence of (HLPs) in the data set result unrealistic estimates and misleading inferences. In this paper, we review some of the robust
... Show MoreThe study has tackled three important variables on the strategic and organizational level, that are : (Administrative skill, strategic Entrepreneurship and organizational flexibility). Through the statistical analysis is, the research hers have sought to identify the relation among them. The study has been applied on a sample of (44) private banks in Iraq. A questionnaire, which has been designed according to a number of international standards, has been used. It's made of (29) items that cover the three variables to test their hypotheses. A number of statistical tools have been used A number of conclusion have been reached and recommendations have also been suggested.
In this paper, we investigate some methods to solve one of the multi-criteria machine scheduling problems. The discussed problem is the total completion time and the total earliness jobs To solve this problem, some heuristic methods are proposed which provided good results. The Branch and Bound (BAB) method is applied with new suggested upper and lower bounds to solve the discussed problem, which produced exact results for in a reasonable time.
The nuclear charge density distributions, form factors and
corresponding proton, charge, neutron, and matter root mean square
radii for stable 4He, 12C, and 16O nuclei have been calculated using
single-particle radial wave functions of Woods-Saxon potential and
harmonic-oscillator potential for comparison. The calculations for the
ground charge density distributions using the Woods-Saxon potential
show good agreement with experimental data for 4He nucleus while
the results for 12C and 16O nuclei are better in harmonic-oscillator
potential. The calculated elastic charge form factors in Woods-Saxon
potential are better than the results of harmonic-oscillator potential.
Finally, the calculated root mean square
BACKGROUND: Femoral shaft fracture is a common fracture in pediatric age group reaching 62% of all fracture shaft femur in children in spite of rapid union rate and successful conservative treatment but some cases need surgical intervention and one of the methods using plate and screw by the lateral approach. AIM: This study aims to compare functional outcome fixation of mid-shaft femur fracture in children by plate and screws between (subvastus lateralis and transvastus lateralis) regarding infection, union, and limitation of knee movement. PATIENT AND METHOD: The study was done on 30 children who had diaphyseal fracture femur in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital in period (April 2018–April 2020) with 6 months follow-up, and the pa
... Show MoreTwo new Schiff bases (S1,S2) derived from 2-Amino-2-deoxy chitosamine and mnitrobenzaldehyde
(S1), and with salicylaldehyde (S2) were prepared and
characterized using FTIR, UV and mass spectrometry. New complexes of the
transition metal ions Co (II), Ni (II), Pd (II), Pt (II) with the two ligands were
synthesized and their structures were elucidated depending on atomic absorption,
FTIR, UV-visible spectra in addition to magnetic susceptibility and electrical
conductivity measurement. Metal to ligand [M: L] ratio was obtained for all
complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method, which gave comparable results with
those obtained for the solid complexes. Stability constant of the complexes were
determined using s