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Correlation between the histopathological grade and size of breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement
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Background: Breast cancer account for 29% of all newly diagnosed cancer in female and is responsible for 14% of cancer related deaths in women. Breast cancer is basically detected either during a screening tests, before symptoms have appeared, or after a woman notices a mass. Overall risk doubles each decade until the menopause, when the increase slows down or remains stable.
Objective: to find the correlation between the tumor size and grade and involvement of axillary lymph node.
Patients and methods: a continuous prospective study of 50 patients from 1st January 2016 to 1st January 2017 in Baghdad teaching hospital at 1st surgical floor, where almost all patients with breast cancer operated on by modified radical mastectomy and axillary clearance included in the study.
Results: the commonest age group was 5th decade with 32% of patients followed by 6th decade with 28% of patients. The most common histological type was IDC with 78% and 22% of patients were ILC. The most common stage at presentation was stage II A with 32% of patients followed by stage III A with 28% of patients. Tumor size between (2-5)cm (T2) was the most common with 68% of patients. Grade II was the commonest histological grade in this study with 68% of patients. Axillary lymph nodes (ALN) involvement increase as tumor size increase, it was 50% in T1, 55.8% in T2, 88.8% in T3 and 100% in T4. Grade I associate with 25% +ve ALN, grade II 55.8% and 100% in grade III.
Conclusion: The majority of patients in this study were in fifth and sixth decades. There is delay in presentation of patients as evidenced by the most common tumor size being T2 and the most common stage being stage II A& stage III A.IDC was the most common histological type. The most common grade was grade II. The larger the tumor the more incidence of ALN involvement, also the higher grade of the tumor associate with more ALN involvement.

خلفية البحث: سرطان الثدي يمثل ۲۹% من مجموع حالات السرطان المشخصة حديثا في الاناث وهو مسؤول عن۱٤% من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان في النساء. وعادة ما يتم الكشف عن سرطان الثدي أما اثناء الفحص, قبل ظهور الأعراض , او بعد ان تلاحظ المرأة وجود تورمز الخطر الكلي للأصابة يتضاعف كل عشر سنوات حتى سن اليأس , عندها تتباطأ الزيادة او تبقى مستقرة.

الهدف من الدراسة: للعثور على العلاقة بين حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية وتورط العقد اللمفاوية الأبطية.

المرضى وطريقة العمل: دراسة استطلاعية متواصلة من1 كانون الثاني 2016 الى 1 كانون الثاني 2017 في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي , الطابق الجراحي الأول , حيث تم شمول تقريبا كل المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان الثدي الذين أجري لهم أستئصال الثدي مع تنظيف الأبط .

النتائج: كانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر شيوعا هي العقد الخامس بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها العقد السادس بنسبة 28% من المرضى. كان النوع النسيجي القنوي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 78% وكانت نسبة 22% من المرضى من النوع الغدي. وكانت المرحلة الأكثر شيوعا هي المرحلة 2 بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها المرحلة 3 بنسبة 28% من المرضى. وكان حجم الورم بين (5-2)سم الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68% من المرضى. كانت الدرجة النسيجية 2 هي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68%. تورط العقد اللمفاوية يزداد بأزدياد حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية فهو 50% في T1 و 55.8% في T2 و 88.8% في T3 و 100% في T4. وكانت نسبة تورط العقد اللمفاوية 25% في الدرجة النسيجية 1 و 55.8% في الدرجة النسيجية 2 و 100% في الدرجة النسيجية 3.

الاستنتاج: الاغلبية في هذه الدراسة تتراوح اعمارهم بين العقد الخامس والسادس. هناك تاخير واضح للمرضى في الحضور لغرض الكشف عن المرض حيث ان اغلبية حجم المرض هو  تي 2   والمرحلة الشائعة للمرض هي الثانية اي  واغلبية الفحص النسيجي هي سرطان داخل القناة الخبيث واغلبية رتبة الورم النسيجية هي الرتبة الثانية وكلما زاد حجم الورم زادت معه قابلية اصابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية وكذلك كلما زادت رتبة الورم النسيجية زادت معه قابلية اضابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية بشكل اكبر.   

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 04 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: Hospital Based Study.
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Background: Lymphoblastic lymphomas (LBL) are neoplasms of precursor T cells and B cells, or lymphoblasts. The term lymphoblastic lymphoma has been used to describe predominantly lymph node– based disease; however, clinical distinction between LBL and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been arbitrary and has varied among different studies and institutions
Objectives: To determine the frequency of LBL among all Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients in children and to study the clinical and pathological features of LBL and assess the treatment outcome.
Methods: A retrospective study included 28 children with newly diagnosed LBL (based on morphology) below the age of 14 years over 8 years period from J

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison between some well- Known methods to estimate the parameter of the proposed method of measurement and the reliability of the distribution function with two parameters Rally by simulation
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Abstract

            Rayleigh distribution is one of the important distributions used for analysis life time data, and has applications in reliability study and physical interpretations. This paper introduces four different methods to estimate the scale parameter, and also estimate reliability function; these methods are Maximum Likelihood, and Bayes and Modified Bayes, and Minimax estimator under squared error loss function, for the scale and reliability function of the generalized Rayleigh distribution are obtained. The comparison is done through simulation procedure, t

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Abstraction between the Symbol and the Code in the Artistic Painting: سحر عبد الكاظم غانم
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Abstraction showed a case of distinction between art schools, in which reality was reduced using overlapping artistic elements and techniques to reach the artist's self-realization when abstracting the reality, and searching for implicit implications for the content of the artistic painting.

Building a system of relations and formulations between abstracting the reality of the physical forms and employing the symbols and codes to convey a message to the recipient who interacts with what he watches through the processes of explanation, interpretation, and linking the particles and reveal the pure aesthetics for the artwork.

Thus the current research deals with the following chapters and sections: the methodological framewo

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 16 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
Guernica Semiotics… methods of Expression between Aesthetic and Semantic Composition
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This semiotic analytical study has shown that there is a wide diversity in the aesthetic systems and the ranges of reception for the rhetoric and the discourse. The fertility of this semiotic conceptual system monitored this new mature, innovative and advanced level of this new critical analytical method with its different technical and theoretical foundations. Thus, it opened the door wide to new discoveries in the laws, which motivate different artistic texts. Finally, the research is just a start. Can the linguistic methods read the artistic works outside the linguistic authorities? Is it possible to capture the structural transformation in Picasso drawings? Semiotically another researcher in another method (such as deconstruction) ca

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences
Correlation between Neonatal Outcomes and Maternal Anemia among Attending Pregnant Women in Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital
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A<sc>BSTRACT</sc> <sec> <title>Background:

Anemia in pregnancy can considerably elevate the maternal mortality risk and can negatively distress the development of fetus.

Object of the Current Work:

To assess the association between neonatal outcomes and maternal anemia (MA) among pregnant women (PW).

Subjects and Methodology:

The present work is a clinical prospective one performed at Al-Elwiya Maternity

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Biology, Agriculture And Healthcare
Histopathological Changes of Some Internal Organs of Mice Injected with Exotoxin a at Low Concentrations
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Abstract Exotoxin A is the most lethal virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits elongation factor-2 by ADP-ribosylation of EF2. This causes stop of the elongation of polypeptides. In recent study, the effect of low concentration of exotoxin A on some important internal organs of mice was studied. Four groups white mice were injected intraperitonialy with pure exotoxin A in the following manner 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 ng\ animals. One mouse receives normal saline inrtaperitonialy as a control. After 72 hours the mice were killed and four organs were taken, liver, spleen, lung and heart from each killed mice. Histological sections were made from each organ and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain then examined under mic

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2006
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
cinicopathological correlation in 100 patients with membranous nephropathy
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Background:

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Young People between Traditional Media and New Media
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This Research based on an empirical study and tested the hypothesis of transition effects on a sample of young people in Sharjah University and trying to identify a new form of Media which is based on the production of new types of habits and patterns and their cultural impact. Recently, New Media appeared to refer to new types of Communication using the Internet. It’s enormous in the exchange of Information. The new Media contains multiple forms, including the form in which users produce by them to refer the entry of a new area of Media in which exchange of roles between the Sender and the recipient.

This study is trying to identify a new form of Media Web used (Press online or only Press online, Digi

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Relationship between federal budget estimates And actual implementation
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he public federal budget of the state includes estimated figures for state revenues and expenditures for the next fiscal year. The estimation process is one of the main parts of the preparation of the general budget of the state and the accuracy in the estimation of revenues and expenditures of the most important principles that should be based on the process of making estimates and should not overestimate the assessment process to ensure the availability of funds in the future in all cases, which lead to unfair distribution of allocations, so the research aims to study The case of preparing the budget in the Directorate and how to estimate the expenditure in, by the analysis of operating budgets and identify deviations in the implementa

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 05 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Security and Privacy Aware Computing Approach on Data Sharing in Cloud Environment
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Today, the role of cloud computing in our day-to-day lives is very prominent. The cloud computing paradigm makes it possible to provide demand-based resources. Cloud computing has changed the way that organizations manage resources due to their robustness, low cost, and pervasive nature. Data security is usually realized using different methods such as encryption. However, the privacy of data is another important challenge that should be considered when transporting, storing, and analyzing data in the public cloud. In this paper, a new method is proposed to track malicious users who use their private key to decrypt data in a system, share it with others and cause system information leakage. Security policies are also considered to be int

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