Background: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Several grading systems are used to grade astrocytomas. The most widely used system is the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (1979, 1993, 2000, and 2007) that grades astrocytomas (I-IV) based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and necrosis: pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), and glioblastoma (grade IV).
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate p53 over expression , Ki-67 expression in astrocytomas and Correlate these two markers with histologic grade of astrocytomas.
Methods: Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from 40 patients with brain astrocytoma included in this retrospective study. LSAB (Labeled Strept-Avidin, Biotin) method was employed for immunohistochemical detection of Ki – 67 and P53.
Results: P53 was detected in (25%) of the cases and was significantly positively correlated with grade IV. Ki-67 labeling index was (>5%) in (50%) of the cases. Both biomarkers were positively correlated with each other, and the grade of astrocytoma; however, Ki67 is a better marker for differentiating (diagnostic marker) between the grades of astrocytoma than p53.
Conclusion: P53 overexpression and ki-67 expression plays an important role in pathogenesis of astrocytoma evolution, as they positively associated with higher tumor grade.
The monetary policy is a vital method used in implementing monetary stability through: the management of income and adjustment of the price (monetary targets) in order to promote stability and growth of real output (non-cash goals); the tool of interest rate and direct investment guides or movement towards the desired destination; and supervisory instruments of monetary policy in both quantitative and qualitative. The latter is very important as a standard compass to investigate the purposes of the movement monetary policy in the economy. The public and businesses were given monetary policy signals by those tools. In fiscal policy, there are specific techniques to follow to do the spending and collection of revenue. This is done in order to
... Show MoreBackground: Vascular complications have been recognized as an important factor in morbidity after diagnostic and percutaneous coronary interventions.
Objectives: This study sought to evaluate vascular complications after diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from the common femoral artery.
Patients and methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out over a year period, from February 2008 till January 2009, at the Iraqi Center for the Heart Disease and Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery. A total number of 2400 patients underwent 3600 procedures, diagnostic coronary angiography (2196) and PCI(1404) via their common femoral arteries were included in this study.
Result: A total 40
The research has been based on two main variables (information and communication technology) and the quality of blended education (physical and electronic), aiming to reveal the relationship between four dimensions (physical devices, software, databases, communication networks) and the elements of education represented by (the teacher, the student, the teaching process, curriculum). The methodology and post-analysis-based research were conducted at the Technical College of Management / Baghdad through polling the opinions of a random sample that included (80) teachers out of (86) and the number of students (276) representing a random sample from all departments of the college (for the morning study) out of (3500) stud
... Show MoreThe experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of prey type (Artemia nauplii, mosquito larvae and paramecium) on some reproductive aspects in crustacean zooplankton M. albidus which included reproductive period, post reproductive period, period spend to egg appearance and the period from appearance of egg to nauplii releasing. Results revealed that females fed on mosquito larvae had the highest mean of postreproductive period and lowest mean of the period spend to egg appearance, which differed significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the means of females who fed on Artemia nauplii and paramecium on the other hand the differences were not significant in reproductive period and the period from appearance of egg to nauplii releasing.
The study aimed to identify the news framing on the Israeli Arabic-speaking i24 channel of the Israeli aggression on Gaza -2021 by analyzing the channel’s Program “this evening”. The study used the media survey method, and in its framework, it relied on the content analysis method for the program’s episodes from May 5, 2021 AD until June 4, 2021 AD, with 22 episodes. The study showed the program’s interest in launching the Palestinian resistance’s rockets significantly, followed by the Israeli military operations, and the program’s reliance on correspondents largely as a source of news material related to the aggression. It also proved that a news report and a reporter's report was the most important form of presenting news
... Show MoreObjective(s): current study aims to find the effect of electronic games on children's behavior, and find the
relationship between child demographic data and the effect of electronic games on the child's behavior.
Methodology: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted for assessing the Effect of electronic games on
children's behaviors that attending to teaching hospitals in Baghdad city during the period of (October/ 20th
/2017 to March/1st /2018). A (50) purposive (non- probabilistic) sample from: Child Protection teaching
Hospital, Child Central Hospital in AL-Iskan. The sample is selected according to the criteria: Children who
visited the consulting unit of children in the hospitals in the first visit, children in
The research specialized in examining the role of guarantees and their impact on accounting benefits quality using statistical analysis to the income before and after the impact of guarantee on the accounting profits.This research depended on the inductive approach, which ensures that companies could manipulate in benefits through a variety of means including the guarantees. As it is possible that the companies can use the policy of guarantee as a strategy in business deal. The research aimed to highlight the different companies' practices on policies guarantee and its impact on accounting benefits. The benefit of Dell Company has been chosen as a sample for the research because of the availability of interim data from the company for te
... Show MoreWastewater treatment plants operators prefer to make adjustments because they are more cost effective, to use the existing tank instead of building new ones. In this case an imported materials would be used as bio-loads to increase biomass and thus maintain efficiency as the next organic loading increases.In the present study, a local substance "pumice stone" was used as a biological carrier in the aeration tank, and the experiments were carried out in five stages: without biological carriers, filling ratio of 4%,10%,20%, and25% with pumice stone, the maximum organic loading at each stage (1.1884, 1.2144, 1.9432, 2.7768, 3.3141)g BOD /l.d respectively.Other experiments were carried out to determine the best filling ratio, the SS remova
... Show MoreHelps to use the mechanics of organizational agility in improving product quality by reducing waste or reduce it by removing activities that do not add value, which is the main reason for inefficiency and low productivity and increase costs, so the difficulty of changing administrative decisions to cope with internal and external changes to keep up with market trends renewable are the basic issue that research seeks to be addressed through the adoption of mechanisms of organizational agility, which will be reflected in bottom line in a positive way in improving the quality of products, and thus lies Applied important to look at the light of the results achieved and in which they can know the nature of the relationship between the
... Show MoreThe problem of the current research as the Iraqi Drilling Company suffers from the many challenges facing its work as a result of the current conditions in Iraq and the subsequent changes in the policies of the State Which left an impact on its activities and objectives, which created pressure on the importance of an organizational power capable of diagnosing the core competencies and development and maintain them to contribute to the raising and success in the performance of the company. The researchers adopted the method of analytical research and adopted the questionnaire as a main tool in the collection of research data and information . It was distributed to a community of (140) individuals from the low mana
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