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Demographic and Clinical Study on Patients Referred to the National Cancer Research Center for Pap Smears
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Background: Cervical cancer ranks the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and the eighth cancer overall. It is considered as one of the most preventable malignancies, and can be controlled through screening and Pap smears.

Objectives: To explore the demographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of Iraqi patients who were referred to the National Cancer Research Center of the University of Baghdad for Pap smear test.       

Patients and methods: The study enrolled 175 female participants who were subjected to clinical examination and Pap smear tests. A questionnaire was filled for each patient on which demographic and clinical variables were recorded. Cellular specimens were collected, fixed, stained by Papanicolaou stain and examined cytologically. The corresponding cytological findings were correlated with the studied variables and tabulated accordingly.
Results
: 60% of the 175 women were housewives, 40% got married before the age of 20 years, 35.4% had used contraceptive pills and 10.3% were nulliparous. The mean ages at marriage, pregnancy and first child birth were 20.2, 22.0 and 23.0 years respectively. On clinical examination, cervical erosions were obviously apparent in 41.7% of the cases and genital warts were noted in only one case (0.6%), while koilocytotic cellular atypia was observed in 4.0%. Pap smears revealed infections with Moniliasis and Trichomonas Vaginalis in 16.5% and 1.1% respectively. Atypical metaplastic changes, AGUS (atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance) and ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) were displayed in 21.1%, 5.7% and 22.3% respectively. Diagnoses of CIN I (LSIL) (cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1 - low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), CIN II and CIN III (HSIL) (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) were reported in 26.8% and 2.3% respectively. Among patients with cervical erosions, the Pap smear findings illustrated more pronounced cellular changes consistent with atypical squamous metaplasia, AGUS and ASCUS (43.8%, 19.2% and 45.2% respectively). On the other hand, LSIL, kiolocytotic atypia and HSIL in these cases were registered in 15.1%, 6.8% and 1.3% respectively.

Conclusions: The demonstrated young ages at marriage, pregnancy and childbirth of the examined patients, reflecting the early onset of sexual reproductive activities, and the associated cellular changes urge the necessity for promoting public awareness on the significance of Pap smear screening among Iraqi females. The Bethesda system facilitates easier interpretation of the results; thus fostering the communications between the examining pathologists and the gynecologists.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 14 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of Teaching Practices of Science and Mathematics Teachers Based on the National Framework for Future Skills in the Omani School
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Abstract

The research aims to identify the level of effectiveness of the teaching practices of science and mathematics teachers in light of the national framework for future skills in Omani schools. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive approach, as he designed a note card consisting of (30) phrases distributed on three axes: basic skills, practical skills, and technical skills. After verifying the validity and reliability of the tools, they were applied to a sample of (116) teachers. The results of the research revealed that the level of effectiveness of the teaching practices of mathematics teachers has recorded a medium degree with a mean (3.05). The results a

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Cytotoxic effect of Gliotoxin from Candida spp. isolated from clinical sources against cancer and normal cell lines
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Background: Invasive fungal infections have become more common during the past two decades. Candida species are the most common human fungal infections. Internal injuries characterize these infections because of virulence factors, such as gliotoxin, which is a fungal toxin that is thought to be antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral.

Objectives: To test the ability of Candida species obtained from clinical sources to produce gliotoxin as a virulence factor and investigate its cytotoxicity effects against some selected cell lines. 

Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten clinical isolates of Candida species were obtained from patients attendi

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Design Technologies in Promoting the Advertisement for National Product: وسام عبد الامير كريم المالكي
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The current research is concerned with studying the variables in the promotion process which influence the advertisement design structure, as the accomplished design and construction process is subject to many variables, whether they were intellectual or technological, internal or external variables. These variables may overlap in order to get a comprehensive system for the artistic configuration, that any design in its content reaches the highest levels of perfection is connected to the extent of its compliance with and approximation to these variables, that is why we find their reflections deeply rooted in the individual's mind, especially the designer artist who is influenced by everything surrounding him forming knowledge systems res

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2017
Journal Name
Gulf Journal Of Oncology
Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Triple Positive Breast Cancer among Iraqi Patients
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Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting the Iraqi population and the leading cause of cancer related mortality among Iraqi women. It has been well documented that prognosis of patients depends largely upon the hormone receptor contents and HER-2 over expression of their neoplasm. Recent studies suggest that Triple Positive (TP) tumors, bearing the three markers, tend to exhibit a relatively favorable clinical behavior in which overtreatment is not recommended. Aim: To document the different frequencies of ER/PR/HER2 breast cancer molecular subtypes focusing on the Triple Positive pattern; correlating those with the corresponding clinico-pathological characteristics among a sample of Iraqi patients diagnosed with th

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Electronic Apparatus on Developing Balance in National Center for Gifted in Boxing and Basketball
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The problem of the research lies in special motor abilities training programs like the balance that positively affect coordination between the nervous system and muscles. These training programs did not get enough attention from athletes especially young athletes; their training was restricted to physical abilities like strength, speed, and endurance instead. The research aimed at designing an apparatus for developing athletes’ balance in national centers for gifted/ ministry of youth and sport so as to provide a measurement for coached in this field. The results showed that the designed apparatus have a positive effect on developing the subjects’ balance in boxing and basketball athletes.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 17 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of progressive income tax on inflation in Iraq for the period from 1995 to 2020 : applied research
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                Inflation is one of the important issues that the economic authorities in all countries of the world care about, where the loss of money for its function is one of the most important and largest inflationary effects that this phenomenon leaves on the economy, and Iraq, like other countries, has had its share of the problem of inflation for a long time due to the circumstances that He went through it, whether it was the wars he fought or the economic blockade that was imposed on him in the nineties of the last century. Economically, the problem of inflation is addressed through the use of fiscal policy tools, including tax increases in order to abso

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of progressive income tax on inflation in Iraq for the period from 1995 to 2020 : applied research
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                Inflation is one of the important issues that the economic authorities in all countries of the world care about, where the loss of money for its function is one of the most important and largest inflationary effects that this phenomenon leaves on the economy, and Iraq, like other countries, has had its share of the problem of inflation for a long time due to the circumstances that He went through it, whether it was the wars he fought or the economic blockade that was imposed on him in the nineties of the last century. Economically, the problem of inflation is addressed through the use of fiscal policy tools, including tax increases in order to abso

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of customer contact on operation performance Case study in the specialist Dental Centre in Al-alwia
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the researchers Sought to determine the impact of the customer contact (Within a client contact there are two times, first is the total time required to create a service and within it there is contact time while the second time is the time of client contact ؛ where means a time that records the physical presence of the customer during the process of service) on operations performance by concentrate attention on the cost (labor productivity) and quality (patient ratio to the doctor) and speed (cycle time) and flexibility (the flexibility range) , as well as ruling out variable of innovation because of impossibility to measure this variable in the Specialty Center for Dental in al-alwia due to the center is lacking of mechanisms t

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Constitutional concept of National security policy under the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005
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The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 dealt with the policy of national security as an exclusive competence of the federal authorities, and the policy of national security as one of the forms of general policies that the constitution enclosed in privacy when it was stipulated in particular, and this policy also attracted the attention of comparative constitutional examples, as it stipulated the formation of specialized constitutional councils to undertake The process of developing and implementing this policy, or forming specialized institutions for this matter, and according to the national security policy, the unity of policies in the state is ensured and directed towards achieving the requirements of Iraqi nationa

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The application of quality requirements in the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs using the international standard (ISO 9001: 2015) Korean case study of the Iraqi Center
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This research aims to study the mechanism of application of international specification requirements (ISO 9001: 2015) at the Iraqi Center- Korean Vocational Training return to vocational training department at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for the purpose of preparing and creating the center to get a certificate of conformity with the requirements of the standard (ISO 9001: 2015) that would elevate the level of performance and services provided in the respondent Center after it is identified and the study of the reality of the quality management system by identifying strengths and weaknesses in the system to diagnose the gap and find ways to address that gap, and adopted the researchers the case study method to conduc

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