Background: Pancreatic carcinoma is one the most lethal malignancies and the Prognosis for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease is poor. The 5-year survival rate is about 4%, which is the lowest of any cancer and median survival is 6 months. The high mortality rate is largely due to the typically advanced stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis and treatment. Resection is the only current treatment resulting in cure for pancreatic carcinoma. However, due to the initiation and progression of this cancer without symptoms, only about 10% to 15% of patients present with localized disease amenable to potentially curative resection. Chemotherapy increases survival and up to date, the use of pallia

Background: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) occurs due to malignant transformation of a pluripotent stem cell.  Progression is insidious from chronic to aggressive accelerated or blastic phases. Studies revealed a significant role of the tumor suppressor gene P53 in disease progression.

Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of mutant P53 protein in CML at different clinical phases.

Background: Development of colorectal adenocarcinoma principally occurs via the adenoma- carcinoma sequence of a multiple step process of tumor progression. This results from an accumulation of genetic changes in cells of intestinal mucosa. The use of molecular biomarkers may further aid in determining the risk of changing to carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the expression of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in colorectal adenomas and correlate the observed levels with age, gender, histological

Background: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Several grading systems are used to grade astrocytomas. The most widely used system is the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (1979, 1993, 2000, and 2007) that grades astrocytomas (I-IV) based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and necrosis: pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), and glioblastoma (grade IV).
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate p53 over expression , Ki-67 expression in astrocytomas and Correlate these two markers with histologic grade of astrocytomas.
Methods: Formalin fixed, paraff

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with an extremely variable course. Survival after diagnosis can range from months to decades and wide variability exists in the rate of disease progression and the incidence of disease-related complications among patients with CLL. Staging helps to define prognosis and to decide when to initiate therapy.
Objective: To asses response to oral alkylating therapy and to evaluate the adverse events that can complicate the disease itself or the treatment, including infections, autoimmune and other complications. The survival events are also been assessed.
Patients and methods: Forty nine Iraqi CLL patients, their age ranged between 40-90 years were followed with me

Background: Several factors render chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, p53 cancer suppressor gene and the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 have been widely studied. 
Patients and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study done on 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared with 20 controls (anemic patients), all recruited at the Medical City Teaching Hospital laboratories from January 2004 to December 2007. The bone marrow biopsy of each was re-examined histologica

Background: the exposure of  chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide resulted in an increased, synergistic cytotoxicity . DNA repair mechanisms in CLL cells, which are initiated in response to cyclophosphamide exposition, are inhibited by fludarabine. This observation was later translated into clinical trials evaluating the combination of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide (FC) showed promising efficacy with response rates exceeding 90% in previously untreated and pretreated patient

Aim of  this study: To assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide in  Iraqi adults patients with advance stage of chro

Background: Chronic leg ischemia commonly affects the arteries supplying the leg and mostly caused by atherosclerosis. Triplex ultrasound scanning is useful for delineating the anatomic site of disease in the lower limb in addition to the grading of the stenosis and evaluation of post-stenotic flow.

Objectives: To determine the extent of vasculopathy in patients with chronic leg ischemia by using triplex ultrasound scanning and match the sonographic findings with the clinical signs and symptoms.

Patients and methods: A cross sectional study from October 2009 to September 2010 was performed on 56 patients with clinical suspicion of chronic leg ischemia referring to ultraso

The study aimed to assess the expression of CD49d and CD26 in newly diagnosed CLL patients and find their correlation with clinical Binet stage, and other clinical parameters. This study was conducted on 51 newly diagnosed CLL patients based on lymphocyte count > 5×109/L and immunophenotyping. The expression of CD49d, and CD26 were investigated using eight-color flow cytometer. The expression of CD49d and CD26 were detected in 56.9 %, 68.8 % of CLL patients, respectively. The correlation between CD49d expression and CD26 expression was statistically significant (p < 0.001) with high concordance rate between them. The positive expression of both CD49d and CD26 had statistically significant association with clinical Binet staging (p < 0.001,

Background:- Colorectal carcinoma is the most common cancer after the breast cancer in female and bronchus cancer in male. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene, approximately half of colorectal cancers present mutation in p53 gene.
Objectives:- To determine the frequency and the pattern of p53expression in colorectal carcinoma by immunohistochemical technique and to correlate this expression with different clinicopathological parameters.
Materials and methods:-Thirty cases of colorectal carcinoma were included in this study, these cases were diagnosed in private pathology laboratories in Baghdad / Iraq from January 2015 to Jaune 2015. Clinicopathological parameters such as age , gender , pathological diagnosis , including the tumor site