Background: Chromogranin A is a useful tumor marker for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) diagnosis & follow-up, Octreotide (somatostatin-long acting repeatable (SAS-LAR)) is an established treatment for NETs. Studies regarding the relation between response to SAS-LAR & the change in Chromogranin A (CgA) plasma level are still lacking.
Objectives: To determine the association between the using of Octreotide (SAS-LAR) and CgA level on time sequence & clinical status.
Patients & methods: a prospective observational study included 38 neuroendocrine patients in The Oncology Teaching Hospital/medical city complex/Baghdad, started at September 2013 till May 2016; assessing their circulating chromogranin A (CgA) plasma levels on multiple occasions(0,2 and 4 months) by ELISA technique and its correlation with response to somatostatin analogues (SAS-LAR) in those patients.
Results: the study recruited 38 neuroendocrine patients. 21 (55%) of them were males, 23 (60%) patients were older than 50 years old & 17 (44%) had metastasis to different sites. Somatostatin analogues (octreotide 30mg) was administered to 20 out of 38 (52.6%) studied patients. Serial CgA tests were performed in (17 out of 20) patients used SAS-LAR, with a change in mean value from (225.3 U/L) pre-using the agent to (17.5 U/L) two months after its use & to (8.7 U/L) four months after its use (p=0.009, p=0.002 respectively) while the change in mean of CgA level was from (205.9 U/L) to (200.9 U/L) in 10 patients who did not use Octreotide (p=0.2).Also results showed that no statistically significant difference in mean value of CgA pre & two months after using Octreotide with regard to grade of the tumor.
Conclusions: Plasma CgA is a reliable marker for NETs (regarding diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment including somatostatin analogues).All patients with NETs should undergo a baseline plasma CgA level at diagnosis. Serial assessment of circulating CgA could be done for NET patients when there is baseline elevation of CgA level in circulation
The study attempts to assess water quality in Abu-Zirig Marsh which used epiphytic Diatom community for assessing water quality. Many of Diatom indices {Trophic diatom index (TDI), Diatom index (DI), Generic diatom index (GDI) have been used to give qualitative information about the status of the freshwater ecosystem(good, moderate, high pollution). In this study, the epiphytic diatoms on both host aquatic plants Phragmites australis and Typha domengensis were collected from Abu-Zirig Marsh within Thi-Qar Province at three sites in Autumn, 2018 and winter, 2019. Epiphytic diatoms were Identified by the preparation of permanent slides method, some species of epiphytic diatom showed dominance such as Cyclotella menegh
... Show MoreThe study aimed to spread the culture of efficient performance between nursing staffs, which would contribute and achieve health care quality, and to clarify the role of nursing in improving the quality of high-quality health care, as well as to clarify how to reach national standards for the quality of health care in Iraq, Therefore, the study dealt with the efficiency of nursing performance as an explanatory variable, and the quality of health care as a dependent variable. The fact that the health sector is the foundation for building a healthy society free from diseases, so hospital of IBN AL-NAFIS as an institution and it's nursing teams were taken as a community for this study. The results to be objective and reflect the rea
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Abstract
Due to the lack of previous statistical study of the behavior of payments, specifically health insurance, which represents the largest proportion of payments in the general insurance companies in Iraq, this study was selected and applied in the Iraqi insurance company.
In order to find the convenient model representing the health insurance payments, we initially detected two probability models by using (Easy Fit) software:
First, a single Lognormal for the whole sample and the other is a Compound Weibull for the two Sub samples (small payments and large payments), and we focused on the compoun
... Show MoreThis study has came as a result to discover on the references of the educational theories which leads the professors in the educational art departments in the Iraqi universities through knowing these ideological references indeed in an important slice of the society. This slice is: the members of professoriate. The study goal knows the ideological references to these theories for the professors in these departments.
In order to approve the research's goals. The researcher has selected a sample contains (50) professoriate members in these departments in the Iraqi universities which they have the educational art profession among the next scientific degrees (assistant teacher. teacher. assistant professor & professor).
The resea
The research is aimed at investigating how the New York Times framed the war against ISIS in its news coverage and which news sources it adopted while reporting on this war.
The research could be classified under descriptive researches. The survey methodology has been adopted and the content analysis has been used. The research sample consists of all the news stories the New York Times have published about the war against ISIS from 10/17/2016 to 4/16/2017 according to the comprehensive sampling method. The number of news stories that were analyzed was (155) news story. The research tool was (coding scheme).
The research has reached the following conclusions:
1. In its news coverage of the war against ISIS, the New York T
تحقق القراءةُ التَّناصيَّة قيمة موضوعيَّة للدرسِ النَّقديّ المعاصر؛ بمؤثراتها الثَّقافيَّة، والمعرفيَّة، لأنَّ الإبداعَ من سمات التُّراث الشِّعري في العصر الوسيط، وهو مسرحٌ لتداخلات نصِّيَّة مع مصادر متعددة دينيَّة، وأدبيَّة، وتاريخيَّة أداء ومضامين؛ يأتي اختيارُ (التَّناص مع الحديث النَّبوي في شعر صفيّ الدِّين الحلّي)؛ بوصفه امتدادًا شعريَّا أصيلًا لحضارة راقية معطاء
... Show MoreBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by local and systemic effects of inflammation has a wide range of biochemical markers implicated directly or indirectly to its pathogenesis.
Patients and method: Serum of (55 Females) of newly diagnosed RA and 23 healthy Females were used to estimate their interlukine levels.Objective: To evaluate interlukine 35 (IL-35) in Iraqi females with newly diagnosed
RA and to assess its contribution in the disease process.
Results: Females of RA showed a significant increase in the levels of interleukine 35(IL-35) and in the levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs CRP). While there
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify the educational values prevailing in the small kinetic games for the children of Riyadh, and to categorize the educational values of the kinetic games small children Riyadh. The research analyzed the content of a number of small kinetic games that included studied physical education at the two pre-kindergarten and stipulated by the Platform for kindergartens, which is being applied. The content analysis was used by analysts agreement with themselves over time (21) days. The agreement between the external researcher and analyst. The researcher used the Cooper to extract equation lab agreement between the researcher and the outside analyst, has reached agreement on determining factor idea and label values (0.8
... Show MoreThis research attempted to take advantage of modern techniques in the study of the superstructural phonetic features of spoken text in language using phonetic programs to achieve more accurate and objective results, far from being limited to self-perception and personal judgment, which varies from person to person.
It should be noted that these phonological features (Nabr, waqf, toning) are performance controls that determine the fate of the meaning of the word or sentence, but in the modern era has received little attention and attention, and that little attention to some of them came to study issues related to the composition or style Therefore, we recommend that more attention should be given to the study of
Experts of Psychology and education emphasized that childhood is one of the most important stages in the formation of human personality, and the most influential in his public life, especially the stage in which he lives within his family, which must provide him with the requirements of healthy growth of physical, emotional, moral and social. Emotional-social connection of the child to his family, is especially important in determining the characteristics of his social character, in accordance with the norms and values prevailing in society. This requires the child to be cared for and cared for, and to deal with him in a healthy social manner. So as to achieve positive growth and harmony in the process of social control in internal
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