Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been found in protein-rich food products where they are generated during certain food processing procedures. Benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) is a member of a class of PAHs in which the molecular structure includes two or more fused aromatic rings with adjacent rings sharing two or more carbon atoms with the formula C20H12. Dietary intake of these compounds via a formation of B(a)P on processing or cooking lead to metastasis of tumors at several sites, particularly in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Objective: We aimed to determinate B(a)P in charcoal and gas broiled chicken, doner kebab and fish meats taken from some restaurants in Baghdad.
Methods: Prospective study was done in Baghdad from july to decemper 2015 in (Palestine st and alsadria). 120 samples of chicken, doner kebab and fish were collected from some resturants in Baghdad area randomly.A 20 cooked samples using a charcoal fire and gas fire for each kind of meat mentioned above to determinate B(a)P in these samples.HPLC technique was used for determination.
Results: Mean levels of B(a)P were found to be (11.6±11.08 μg/kg) ,(10.0±9.4 μg/kg) and (8.4±7.8 μg/kg) for a charcoal fire broiled chicken, doner kebab and fish respectively while mean levels of B(a)P were found to be (2.5±1.9 μg/kg) ,(2.3±1.7 μg/kg) and (2.0±1.4 μg/kg) for a gas fire respectively.
Conclusion: The B(a)P levels of three samples cooked on a charcoal fire exceeded the maximum tolerance level for B(a)P of the European Union establishment (2005). The highest levels of B(a)P were found in charcoal-grilled samples.Therefore,present study provides important information on B(a)P in charcoal grilled meats in Iraq. This might help to avoid the contamination in food processing to secure food safety and to protect iraqi citizens.
In the field of civil engineering, the adoption and use of Falling Weight Deflectometers (FWDs) is seen as a response to the ever changing and technology-driven world. Specifically, FWDs refer to devices that aid in evaluating the physical properties of a pavement. This paper has assessed the concepts of data processing, storage, and analysis via FWDs. The device has been found to play an important role in enabling the operators and field practitioners to understand vertical deflection responses upon subjecting pavements to impulse loads. In turn, the resultant data and its analysis outcomes lead to the backcalculation of the state of stiffness, with initial analyses of the deflection bowl occurring in conjunction with the measured or assum
... Show MoreThis study aims to find out the effect of the mediator on scaffolding fourth yearstudent- teachers' teaching competencies and their self-efficacy. The present study combines scaffolding and self-efficacy by using a mediator on scaffolding students affects teaching competencies and selfefficacy and from the results of which the existence of student-teachers’ selfawareness was ensured as an effect of the same independent variable. The model affects their teaching competencies and led them to be aware of the needs of their pupils and themselves.
The present study explores the solar-induced photocatalytic degradation of reactive red (RR) and reactive turquoise (RT) dyes in a single system using TiO2 immobilized in xanthan gum (TiO2/XG), synthesized using the sol–gel dip-coating technique for direct precipitation. SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis were used to assess the characteristics of the resulting catalyst. Moreover, the effects of different operating parameters, specifically pH, dye concentration, TiO2/XG concentration, H2O2 concentration, and contact time, were also investigated in a batch photocatalytic reactor. The immobilized TiO2/XG catalyst showed a slight adsorption degradation efficiency and then improved the RR and RT dye degradation activity (92.5 and 90.8%
... Show MoreBackground: A great dental and biomedical interest had been paid to silver nanoparticles because of their antimicrobial activity. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of a newly developed Nano-silver fluoride that was synthesized from moringa oleifera leaf extract against S. mutants. Material and method: The green synthesis method was used to prepare Nano-silver fluoride from moringa oleifera leaf extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were evaluated using brain heart infusion plates, while the cytotoxicity was evaluated by the hemolytic activity. Results: Nano-silver fluoride had a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect (MIC was 60 ppm and MBC was 120 pp
... Show MoreThis paper aims at the fact that most organizations today suffer from a waste of time, effort, and cost, and they have difficulty in achieving the best performance situations and compete strongly. The researcher distributed 108 questionnaires as a statistical analyzable sample society where the sample intentionally consists of general managers, department head, and division head. The questionnaire was formulated according to the Likert scale. The use of personal interviews and observations are additional tools for data collection and a number of statistical methods is used for data analysis such as simple regression and correlation coefficient (Pearson). One of the most prominent conclusions is that the company has adequate and c
... Show MoreThis research seeks to try to address one of the important issues in society that prevents the state from achieving its social, economic, political and financial goals, represented by the low tax proceeds, through which it can achieve those goals. What is reflected on the tax proceeds, knowing that the General Tax Authority does not take into account the issue of analyzing the opportunity cost of corporate capital as one of the profit indicators when setting the annual controls, which leads to a decrease in the tax proceeds, and therefore the research objective will be to shed light on the importance of adopting the concept of analysis The opportunity cost by the General Tax Authority to achieve a tax proceeds commensurate with t
... Show MoreProblem: Cancer is regarded as one of the world's deadliest diseases. Machine learning and its new branch (deep learning) algorithms can facilitate the way of dealing with cancer, especially in the field of cancer prevention and detection. Traditional ways of analyzing cancer data have their limits, and cancer data is growing quickly. This makes it possible for deep learning to move forward with its powerful abilities to analyze and process cancer data. Aims: In the current study, a deep-learning medical support system for the prediction of lung cancer is presented. Methods: The study uses three different deep learning models (EfficientNetB3, ResNet50 and ResNet101) with the transfer learning concept. The three models are trained using a
... Show MoreRetreatment Efficacy of Continuous Rotation Versus Reciprocation Kinematic Movements in Removing Gutta-Percha with Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer: SEM Study, Raghad Noori Nawaf*, Ra
The peristaltic transport of power-law fluid in an elastic tapered tube with variable cross-section induced by dilating peristaltic wave is studied. The exact solution of the expression for axial velocity, radial velocity, stream function, local shear stress, volume of flow rate and pressure gradient are obtained under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The effects of all parameters that appear in the problem are analyzed through graphs. The results showed that the flux is sinusoidal in nature and it is an increasing function with the increase of whereas it is a decreasing function with the increase of . An opposite behavior for shear strain is noticed compared to pressure gradient. Finally, trapping p
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