In this work, an estimation of the key rate of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol in free space was performed. The examined free space links included satellite-earth downlink, uplink and intersatellite link. Various attenuation effects were considered such as diffraction, atmosphere, turbulence and the efficiency of the detection system. Two cases were tested: asymptotic case with infinite number of decoy states and one-decoy state case. The estimated key rate showed the possibility of applying MDI-QKD in earth-satellite and intersatellite links, offering longer single link distance to be covered.

       Diverse organismsuch as mammals and fishes exposure to noxious waste in the surroundings is a continuous routine and the active absorption and propagation of contaminants in humans is through the food chain. In order to determine the level of toxicity across the food chain,this research was structured to identify some biochemical alterations in the hepatic tissue of rats fed cadmium, cyanide and a mixture of cyanide and cadmium contaminated catfish diet. Fish were assigned into four groups and were exposed to both toxicants (cadmium and cyanide) in the single and combined states. Each toxicant was administered as cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) and potassium cyanide (KCN) on a dose of 0.4 mg of the toxicant/100 ml water

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent one of the key technologies in internet of things (IoTs) networks. Since WSNs have finite energy sources, there is ongoing research work to develop new strategies for minimizing power consumption or enhancing traditional techniques. In this paper, a novel Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) algorithm is proposed for mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) for energy saving. Performance evaluation of the clustering process with the GMM algorithm shows a remarkable energy saving in the network of up to 92%. In addition, a comparison with another clustering strategy that uses the K-means algorithm has been made, and the developed method has outperformed K-means with superior performance, saving ener

In this research the relation between skin resistances and standard penetration test of over consolidated
clay soils has been studied. The research includes doing boreholes at Babil governorate in Iraq to get
undisturbed samples and standard penetration test. Determination skin friction from direct shear test between
smooth concrete and soil was explored in laboratory for design purposes and correlated with standard
penetration test values. In many foundation design problems, the shear strength between soil and
foundation materials were estimated or correlated without any direct methods for measurement.
Twelve strain controlled direct shear tests were performed simulate the shear strength interaction
between smooth c

The present study investigates the realization and significance of textual themes in the organizational structure of M.A theses and Ph.D. dissertations, namely: the abstracts, introductions and conclusions, since in such parts the students depend on their own expressions, styles and constructions to express different viewpoints, plans, inferences, etc. The study also investigates the similarities and differences between M.A theses and Ph.D. dissertations concerning the use of textual themes;it sets out to conduct a detailed analysis of textual themes used in such texts. In conducting such an analysis, the study adopts Halliday's (1994) approach of textual themes. The results of such an analysis have clearly shown that, in spite of the di

Direct FIA methods for estimation of Naringenin (NG) in different samples were proposed. These methods are based on diazotization coupling reactions of two reagents: method (A) p-chloroaniline (PCA) and method (B) procaine hydrochloride (PRH) with NG in basic medium. Yellow dyes with maximum absorption at 416 and 415 nm were formed respectively. Calibration curves were constructed over different NG concentrations, linearity was from 1- 70 and 1- 40 µgmL^-1 with detection limits of 0.55 and 0.24 µgmL^-1 for (A) and (B) respectively. All analytical variables involved in the FIA procedure were evaluated and optimized. The established methods were successfully applied for the determination of NG in its supplements and u

Background: Inguinal hernias are a common medical problem that can significantly decrease the quality of life.Repair of inguinal hernia is one of the commonest surgical procedures worldwide irrespective of the country, race, or socioeconomic state. The inguinal hernia repair has been a controversial area in surgical practice from the time it has been conceived. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has shown a great deal of promise as a treatment for the condition.
Objectives: To compare the outcome of laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia mesh repair in terms of operative time , analgesics requirement , postoperative complication , hospital stay and return to daily activities and work.
Patients and methods: A prospective study of