Background: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G)and Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9)play a role in the regulation of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory processes. Aim of the study: To detect the HLA-G + 3142G > C gene polymorphism that associated with the susceptibility to SLE patients and associated with Hepatitis B infection and TLR-9 serum level. Patients and methods: This study was done on 75 SLE patients and 75 healthy control groups. Genotyping of HLA-G + 3142G > C were detected by PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. In addition to the estimation of Hepatitis B surface (HBs)antigen status by immunochromatography technique and TLR-9 serum level by ELISA technique. Results: The HLA-G + 3142G > C gene polymorphism between the SLE patients and controls

Background:

Objectives : This prospective   study aimed to  estimate interleukins 1 and 10  levels in acute  hepatitis (G) in Iraqi patients with leukemiaHepatitis G virus and GB virus C (GBV-C)  RNA viruses that were independently identified in 1995, and were subsequently found to be two isolates of the same virus. Blood transfusion is the main risk factor for HGV transmission Immune-mediated mechanisms are believed to play an important pathogenic role in  hepatitis G virus infection. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in the inflammatory process. implying that IL-1 may play a role in viral clearance and  suggesting that IL-1 has direct antiviral

Background: Osteoporosis is a frequent disease that is manifested by reduced in mineral density and raised in fracture risk. Recent studies have indicated that osteoporosis is caused by composite connections among local and systemic regulators of bone cell function.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and some biochemical markers in Iraqi patients with osteoporosis.
Patients and Methods: Forty five osteoporotic patients were incorporated in this study (30 women and 15 men). Serum fasting glucose, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium, magnesium, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4 were measured in osteoporotic patients and compared them with the

Background: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a protein that is well known to be expressed immunohistochemically in normal and neoplastic thyroid and pulmonary tissues. However; increasing studies have showed its expression in normal tissues and tumors of other organs including endometrium. These facts are important to be considered in the use of this marker in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown origin and make it important to use it as a part of a panel of immunohistochemical stains. In this setting Cytokeratin 7 and 20(CK-7&CK-20) are important since they have different coordinate expression profile in different organs and tumors.
Obejectives: This study is designed to assess

Recently, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was considered as one of the autoimmune diseases that the genetic and environmental factors contributed in the disease etiological profile. According to the environmental factors, infectious agents have been concluded to have a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE. Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are among these infectious agents that have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of SLE. Accordingly, the current study was designed to assess the anti-C. pneumoniae and anti-M. pneumoniae IgG antibody status by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of 64 Iraqi SLE females' patients and 32 Iraqi healthy females as controls. The patients' group were distribu

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune disorders, generated by a production of specific autoantibodies against self-antigens before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. The etiology of disease is still unknown, although there have been several infectious agents that have been associated with SLE development, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. Herpes simplex virus-I and -II (HSV-I and -II) and Toxoplasma gondiiare two infectious agents that have been suggested to be involved in SLE etiology. Accordingly, the present study assessed anti- HSV-I and -II and anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in sera of 64 SLE female patients and 32 healthy control women. The patients w

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is common in Northwest Europe, North America, and other Anglo-Saxon areas, while it decreases in number in Africa, Asia, and some parts of South America, There are many immunohistochemical markers react to colonic tissue, the large majority of colorectal carcinomas are positive for mucin stains. Colorectal adenocarcinomas are invariably positive for cytokeratin (CK), Reactivity for CEA is also the rule; as a matter of fact, failure to detect CEA in an adenocarcinoma of makes a colo-rectal site of origin seems to be unlikely, and many other markers that could claimed in colorectal tumors, a one marker that may has a role in staining colorectal tumors is HepPar-1 which is a monoclonal antibody that reacts t

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy occurs as a result of an interaction between hemodynamic and metabolic factors, however recent evidence shows an increase growing support for the notion that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Objectives: To speculate the role of IL-18 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines in the initiation and development of diabetic nephropathy in T1DM and T2DM.
Materials and methods: Eighty seven T1DM and T2DM patients with or without DN were enrolled. IL-18 and TNF-α cytokines were measured by solid phase immunosorbent assays.
Materials and me

The topic of the research dealt with the image of Iraq in the British press based on a sample of the newspapers (The Guardian and the Daily Telegraph), which are among the most important and largest newspapers in the United Kingdom and the world, because of its active role in guiding local and international public opinion towards important issues and events, Since these two newspapers are interested in the accuracy of sensitive political topics, the message aimed at knowing the media image that these two newspapers painted about Iraq in the period that was limited to the first quarter of 2019, and also to know the nature of the contents promoted by these newspapers about the Iraqi reality, The method of content analysis was used as an ap