Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels were measured in sera and tissues of 40 patients with breast cancer (01), 8 patients with prostate cancer (G2)and 12 patients with thyroid cancer (G3), by the enzyme­ linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

The patients were admitted to Medical City Hospitals (Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Nursing Home Hospital). The sera were taken just before surgery, where the specimens were taken immediately after surgery and kept in saline solution at -20°C until the time of homogenizing process.

The results of CA 19-9 levels in sera were (16.309±7.143; 31.281±0.766;

11.5±0.707 U/ml respectively compared with serum CA 19-9 level of control group G4 which was 7.74

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and organized national mammographic screening has been adopted as gold standard for breast cancer early detection in most developed countries in the world.
Objectives: to evaluate and emphasize the performance of the initiative opportunistic breast cancer screening program in Iraq and to determine the incident malignancy rate of breast cancer among asymptomatic self-referring women aged 40 years or older via digital mammography by mean of the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS©).
Patients and methods: this retrospective study included a total of 809 asymptomatic self-referring women over age 40 years, mostly consisted of employees o

Sports marketing is one of the most important areas to attract capital and the most important economic activities at the present time and the sports field is one of the most important areas that can be used in marketing products and services and the need for sports marketing in Iraq is shown to increase the benefits and returns of sports clubs due to a lack of material resource and weakness In the available capabilities presented to it. The research problem was the lack of sufficient knowledge of the role of sports marketing in the value of the customer by members of the administrative body of Iraqi sports clubs. The research aims to know the role of sports marketing in the value of the customer in the Iraqi Premier League clubs.

Breast cancer constitutes about one fourth of the registered cancer cases among the Iraqi population (1)
and it is the leading cause of death among Iraqi women (2)
. Each year more women are exposed to the vicious
ramifications of this disease which include death if left unmanaged or the negative sequels that they would
experience, cosmetically and psychologically, after exposure to radical mastectomy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) documented that early detection and screening, when coped
with adequate therapy, could offer a reduction in breast cancer mortality; displaying that the low survival rates
in less developed countries, including Iraq, is mainly attributed to the lack of early detection programs couple

Background: Congenital pouch colon is an usual abnormality associated with anorectal malformation in which the colon is partially or totally replaced by a pouch like dilatation connected to the genitourinary tract by a fistula(colovesical).The condition varies from complete absence of normal colon with the ileum opening into colonic pouch to the presence of nearly normal colon with only the rectum or recto sigmoid being attached to a pouch which in turn connected to bladder by a band or fistula.
Objective: is to evaluate the methods of diagnosis and management of(C.P.C) with studying environmental factors especially pesticides and its prevalence.
Patients and Methods: A total number of seven cases of(C.P.C) associated with high typ

Background: celiac disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine that is precipitated by the ingestion of gluten, a component of wheat protein, in genetically susceptible persons. Serologic tests for antibodies against Endomysium, Reticulin, and Gliadin identify most patients with the disease. Early diagnosis and management are important to forestall serious consequences of malabsorption, such as osteoporosis and anemia
Aims of the study: This study compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of, anti-reticulin and anti-gliadin antibodies according to anti endomysium antibodies , in consecutive patients investigated for celiac disease antibodies.
Patient& Methods: Total 509 patients (236

ABSTRACT:

Objectives: The study aims to know the effectiveness of the educational program in the patient’s adherence to medication and diet and to know the relationship between the effectiveness of the education program and their demographic data related to the patient’s age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, monthly income and residence.

Methodology: A quasi -experimental design study was performed on patient who attended to Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, from March 2021 to September 2021. The non-probability sampling including 50 patients for case study and 30 patients for control group. The questionnaire consists of 3 parts, part one the socio

Recent reports provided evidence that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. This study investigated the expression pattern of some EMT markers (E-cadherin and Vimentin) and some MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Fifty five paraffin embedded biopsies were included in this study. Expression pattern of E-cadherin and Vimentin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry while cytoplasmic mRNA expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by in situ hybridization. The expression of all markers were significantly increased with the increase of patient's age (? 50 years), and furthermore an increase in men expression

Background: Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a quick nonmorbid method of staging disease in the axilla,Color doppler ultrasound is used to differentiate benign lymph node from node that bears metastasis.
Objective: To evaluate the utility of ultrasound guided (FNA) of the axillary L.N depending on the size of the primary tumor and the appearance of the lymph node by ultrasound , and to document the difference in color Doppler flow features between benign and malignant lymph node in women with primary breast cancer.
Patients and methods: The total number of the patient in the study is (60). Data were collected about tumor size, lymph node appearance and color-power Doppler sonography compared to the result of ultras

Background:- Colorectal carcinoma is the most common cancer after the breast cancer in female and bronchus cancer in male. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene, approximately half of colorectal cancers present mutation in p53 gene.
Objectives:- To determine the frequency and the pattern of p53expression in colorectal carcinoma by immunohistochemical technique and to correlate this expression with different clinicopathological parameters.
Materials and methods:-Thirty cases of colorectal carcinoma were included in this study, these cases were diagnosed in private pathology laboratories in Baghdad / Iraq from January 2015 to Jaune 2015. Clinicopathological parameters such as age , gender , pathological diagnosis , including the tumor site