Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus type2. The neutrophil gelatinase Associated lippocallin (NGAL) is an ubiquitous protein consist of 178 amino acid. NGAL can be identified in plasma and urine starting 2- 4 hours after a kidney injury resulting changes in glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption and with increased secretion in tubular epithelial cells.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum Neutrophil Gelatinse Associated Lipocallin (NGAL) in early detection nephropathy.
Method : This study was conducted in Medical City, Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2015to June 2016.The study included (90) subjects with age range between (30 – 56)years, divided in to three groups , 30 healthy control,30 type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with normal albuminuria and 30 type2 diabetic mellitus patients with micro albuminuria .Body mass index (BMI) was determined, serum NGAL, Fasting serum glucose (FBS),serum creatinine ,serum urea ,andglycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) were measured for each individual in addition to the concentration of albumin in urine and Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated.
Results:The results of the present study showed that the levels of NGAL, FBS, HbA1c, urea creatinin, were significantly higher in micro albuminuria than normal albuminuria and healthy control. In diabetic patients with micro albuminuria, Serum NGAL shows significant positive correlation with FBS, HbA1c% and urine albumin. Serum NGAL shows significant positive correlation with duration of diabetes but significant negative correlation with GFR.
Conclusion:Serum NGAL increased markedly with the reduction of GFR.Serum NGAL is may be considered predictive marker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in type2 diabetes mellitus.
In view of the importance of the educational act, and the effective role played by the school in building the society on the basis of solidarity and equal opportunities, as well as the rehabilitation of emerging generations to exercise their rights and duties, as well as integration into the world of knowledge, communication and in different social and environmental circles[1]. The process of integrating special needs children, in regular or integrated classes within regular public schools or specialized rehabilitation educational centers, is of great importance to these groups of society, their families and society in general[2]. Based on the above, the research will start by answering the followingquestions:
How can the parents
... Show MoreWe need to know the basic facts concerning planning top and bottom limits including any critical levels or the threshold over which the cost would be much higher for land development. Therefore this paper concerned with Baghdad Municipality decision No.2/1004 dated 7/12/2004. The reason behind this decision is the hope to face up at least in the severe housing crisis in the city of Baghdad. This paper attempts to know the attitude of the local community in the general through a field study of people living near such dwelling where third floors are added of. This might indicate any positive or negative effects whether on short or long-term including its effect on the theoretical side including the population growth of Baghdad, the
... Show MorePraise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad and his family and companions as follows:
For God Almighty has swapped for every age a group of religious scholars who give news to the narrators, so that they can lie against the Sunnah of the Mustafa, who is among those who memorized Ibn Al-Mulqin, as he followed the ruler in his book Al-Badr Al-Munir in the Hadith of Al-Sharh Al-Kabeer, and our research included two topics, which we explained in the first topic: The sequels in which the teacher's son Al-Malqin disagreed, and we discussed in the second topic: the followings in which Ibn Al-Malqin agreed to rule.
This research included important results, th
The research dealt with the risks of reinsurance and its impact on the financial performance of the National Insurance Company by focusing on reinsurance in the marine insurance branch. Negative impact on the financial performance of the NICs and the Marine Insurance Branch. The research sample resulted in a main hypothesis that reflects this relationship. Lee in the analysis of financial information reports National Insurance Company of the branch of marine insurance for the period of 2010 until 2017, and the use of (retention) for measuring the re-insurance operations index, and (insurance financial surplus rate) to measure financial performance. For the purpose of obtaining the results, a number of statistical methods were used accord
... Show MoreGymnastics is one of the most interesting games in terms of organizing various world championships and tournaments. Their basic skills and their technical development, especially those with high difficulty levels that rely on basic and complex skills, are the basic skills of gymnastics are the main pillar to be developed and therefore high-difficulty skills will not depend on basic skills, which should reach the stage of the automatic mechanism. Retention) in order to move on to training and developing another skill for the difficulty of movements as well as the smooth flow of performance, ie the degrees of difficulty of each skill specific to your gym and The researcher used the experimental method and The research community determin
... Show MoreThis study aims to identify the level of students’ awareness at Imam Muhammad bin Saud University of the requirements of married life in the light of social changes and suggested methods to deepen this awareness (according to the Islamic educational vision) from their own perspective. In this study, the researcher used the descriptive approach with a survey research method, depending on questionnaires to collect data, which he applied to students of College of Sharia in Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, as well as, students in the fields of Sociology, Social Work, and Psychology in the College of Social Sciences. The findings of the study revealed that students are aware of the requirements of married life concerning mutual ri
... Show MoreToday, the prediction system and survival rate became an important request. A previous paper constructed a scoring system to predict breast cancer mortality at 5 to 10 years by using age, personal history of breast cancer, grade, TNM stage and multicentricity as prognostic factors in Spain population. This paper highlights the improvement of survival prediction by using fuzzy logic, through upgrading the scoring system to make it more accurate and efficient in cases of unknown factors, age groups, and in the way of how to calculate the final score. By using Matlab as a simulator, the result shows a wide variation in the possibility of values for calculating the risk percentage instead of only 16. Additionally, the accuracy will be calculate
... Show MoreThis study was aimed to investigate the genetic variability of 26 rice genotypes and evaluation at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Gaba and Chawtan which were completely different in their environmental condition during the season of 2019. The performances of the genotypes were analyzed at both locations as well as the average of both. Simple coefficients of correlation were used to assess the grain yield components and their relationships. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of such components on grain yield plant-1. The genotypes were grouped based on the agro-morphological features using cluster analysis. Almost all of the traits at both locat
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