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iqjmc-1704
Soft tissue sarcomas: Evaluation by immunohistochemistry

Soft tissue sarcomas represent a histologically heterogenous group of malignant tumors arising from the soft tissue compartments, i.e smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, blood vessels, connective tissue mesenchyme, neural tissue and other tumors of uncertain histogenesis(1). Soft tissue sarcomas are relatively rare tumors, represent less than 1% of adult malignancies based on data report from American Cancer Society (2). The crude incidence rate in Iraq for soft tissue sarcomas was 219/ 100,000 population during 2014 with male: female ratio of 1.3:1, and highest peak age between 30-34 years (3). The histological subtype and microscopic criteria are two parameters that influence the tumor grade which is the best predictor for aggressiveness. ( 2)

Objectives:

A retrospective evaluation of soft tissue sarcomas, using immunohistochemical study of Myosin, Desmin, Smooth muscle Actin (SMA) and Vimentin, aiming to re-evaluate the primary diagnosis and whether IHC assessment in soft tissue sarcoma is mandatory to reach a final interpretation.

Material and Patients:

A total of 50 cases soft tissue sarcomas were reviewed retrospectively from case archives of histopathology department/ Central Public Health Laboratory, for the period (2011-2018). The data for these cases were collected including the age, gender, site of the tumor and the preliminary biopsy report findings. Hematoxylin& Eosin (H&E) stain and IHC staining of unstained sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were performed using SMA, Vimentin, Desmin and Myosin.

Methods: Age and gender distribution of the 50 cases was correlated. The IHC staining performed on 5 microns paraffin sections, applying peroxidase-Antiperoxidase technique and both positive and negative control slides were included for Smooth muscle actin (SMA), clone 1A4, Desmin (clone D33), Myosin (clone 2F12.A9) and Vimentin (Clone V9). The monoclonal antibodies used were from DAKO manufacturer as ready to use monoclonal antibodies while freeze-dried antibodies used for myosin with 1:20 dilution. Negative and positive control slides were used simultaneously. The staining intensity was assessed based on the percentage of positive cells expression of the four IHC monoclonal antibodies. Negative staining reported when no stain seen. Positive (+) means up to 30% of tumor cells with antigen expression. Positive (++) interpretation given when 31-60% of tumor cells show staining reaction, while Positive (+++) interpretation reported when over 60% of tumor cells showing staining reaction.

Results:

The staining interpretation of the four monoclonal antibodies were confirmatory for the original diagnosis in 40% of cases, while 60% of the final diagnoses were against the original interpretation. SMA was positive in 38/50 cases (76%). Desmin was positive in 8/50 cases (20%) Vimentin was positive in 42/50 of cases (84%), Myosin was positive in 30/50 of cases (71.4%).

The current study focus on histological re-evaluation of different types of soft tissue sarcomas (including RMS-with its subtypes), MFH-storiform, pleomorphic and myxoid subtypes), fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and synovial sarcoma depending on immunohistochemical study. The original diagnosis have been changed after the immunohistochemistry stain from fibrosarcoma to rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma , Malignant fibrous histiocytoma to rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma to Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, soft tissue sarcoma to rhabdomyosarcoma , pleomorphic MFH to pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma were confirmed by IHC as so. Leiomyosarcoma was confirmed as the same in one case. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma changed to leiomyosarcoma by IHC positivity for desmin. Six cases of MFH were confirmed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma after IHC. Two cases of synovial sarcoma were re-evaluated as rhabdomyosarcoma. Vimentin revealed 100% positivity in 10 cases and regarded as a sensitive marker for mesenchymal tissue but it is not specific for certain types of sarcomas. The presence of desmin diffusely throughout a tumor is an indication of myoid differentiation and the presence of either SMA or desmin focally should not necessarily be equated with myoid lineage but rather with myofibroblastic lineage, which go in the same direction with Hirofumi N. et al. (1998).(4)

Conclusions: The co-expression of SMA and Desmin helped in the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Myosin expression was helpful in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin were not specific for the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). High grade spindle cell sarcoma express SMA only without myosin or desmin can be categorized as pleomorphic myogenic sarcoma. By applying immunohistochemical markers, 60% of soft tissue sarcomas were different from the preliminary diagnosis while 40% of cases were supportive of the original H&E diagnosis.

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 24 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Some Coincidence and Common Fixed Point Theorems for Two Self Mappings under Generalized Contractive Condition in Cone-b- Metric Space

    In this paper, we prove some coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a pair of discontinuous weakly compatible self mappings satisfying generalized contractive condition in the setting of Cone-b- metric space under assumption that the Cone which is used is nonnormal. Our results are generalizations of some recent results.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Negation marker in Standard Persian : a typological analysis based on Givon’s functional model: عامل نفی در زبان فارسی معیار: بررسی رده‌شناختی براساس مدل نقش‌ گرایی گیون

 Abstract:

Typological analysis about  the negation marker  in different languages is one of the fields of research that has attracted much attention.  In Persian language, this constituent has been analysed from different aspects. This study aimed to analyse  different aspects of negation marker  in  the adjectives,  the noun phrases and  the verb phrases based on typological analysis.  Many studies have been revealed that  the negation in adjectives has shown lexically and morphologically. In the noun phrases, /hich/  has used as a negative marker necessarily marking the verb phrase as negative too. In the verb phrases, negation occurs morphologically by the addition of the prefix /n

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 27 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
الوضع الجيو سياسي وانعكاساته على قطاع الإسكان في محافظة القدس (حالة دراسية بلدة العيزرية)

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على السياسات اإلاسرائيلية المتبعة على الارض والمتمثلة في االاستيطان
الاستعماري والطرق التفافية، ومصادرة الاراضي وجدار الضم والتوسع العنصري، بالاضافة إلى التصنيف
الاداري للمناطق في الضفة الغربية حسب ما جاء في اتفاقية أوسلو، والتي من شأنها التأثير على تلك
المناطق، وال سيما قطاع اإلسكان الذي يعد من أهم القطاعات التي تتر كب وبالتحديد في منطقة الدراسة،
وسوف تحاول هذه الدراسة تس

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 20 2021
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Weak Pseudo – 2 – Absorbing Submodules And Related Concepts

      Let  R  be a commutative ring  with identity  and  E  be a unitary left  R – module .We introduce  and study the concept Weak Pseudo – 2 – Absorbing submodules as  generalization of weakle – 2 – Absorbing submodules , where a proper submodule  A of  an  R – module  E is  called  Weak Pseudo – 2 – Absorbing  if   0 ≠ rsx   A   for  r, s  R , x  E , implies that  rx   A + soc ( E ) or  sx  A + soc (E)  or   rs  [ A + soc ( E ) E ]. Many basic  properties, char

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A certain Subclass of Meromorphically Multivalent Q-Starlike Functions Involving Higher-Order Q-Derivatives

          The authors introduced and addressed  several new subclasses  of the family of meromorphically multivalent -star-like functions in the punctured unit disk  in this study, which makes use of several higher order -derivatives. Many fascinating properties and characteristics are extracted systematically for each of these newly identified function classes. Distortion theorems and radius problems are among these characteristics and functions. A number of coefficient inequalities for functions belonging to the subclasses are studied, and discussed, as well as a suitable condition for them is set. The numerous results are presented in this study and the previous works on this

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of effect acidic solution (HCl) and (EP/Al2O3 & EP/ TiO2) hybrid on thermal conductivity of epoxy resin.

This research studies the effect of adding micro, nano and hybrid by ratio (1:1) of (Al2O3,TiO2) to epoxy resin on thermal conductivity before and after immersion in HCl acid for (14 day) with normality (0.3 N) at weight fraction (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) and thickness (6mm). The results of thermal conductivity reveled that epoxy reinforced by (Al2O3) and mixture (TiO2+Al2O3) increases with increasing the weight fraction, but the thermal conductivity (k) a values for micro and Nano (TiO2) decrease with increasing the weight fraction of reinforced, while the immersion in acidic solution (HCl) that the (k) values after immersion more than the value in before immersion.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The L^P-spaces of functions from the n-dimensional real space to the N-dimensional quaternionic space

     In this paper, we introduce new definitions of the - spaces  namely the    - spaces  Here,  and  are natural numbers that are not necessarily equal, such that . The space  refers to the n-dimensional Euclidean space,  refers to the quaternions set and  refers to the N-dimensional quaternionic space. Furthermore, we establish and prove some properties of their elements. These elements are quaternion-valued N-vector functions defined on , and the  spaces  have never been introduced in this way before.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Effect of Public Debt on The Trade Balance in Iraq For The Period (2003-2021)

Despite the significant increase in public spending in Iraq, it was not directed toward the important sectors that have an important role in correcting the productive structure. Rather, most of the public expenditure was going to cover the required imports, or to face shocks, whether security or health, and this caused a continuous decrease in the volume of Iraq's exports of goods and services, as the aim of the study was to review the importance of public debt and its impact on the trade balance, as well as to know the economic policies that can contribute to strengthening the trade balance, as the study proved through the (ARDL) model that there is a direct relationship between the domestic debt and the net trade balance, and an invers

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
An excerpt on the analysis of correlate constructions: Exkurs zur Analyse der Korrelatkonstruktionen

The main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositiona

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Violations of the financial employee in his legal work

The financial violation must be defined as a concept for the purpose of distinguishing this concept from other terms that may be suspected in the context of the job and the violations of the financial employee that may be disciplinary or even punitive. From Egypt and Iraq, in addition to addressing the doctrinal aspect in the two countries above and the extent to which the specialized jurists dealt with the statement of financial violations, or even highlighting images that could be considered that the violation committed by the financial employee falls under the framework of the financial violation. Which may result in a financial violation by the financial employee, and we touched upon the request of him to indicate the financial viola

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