This study was performd on 50 serum specimens of patients with type 2 diabetes, in addition, 50 normal specimens were investigated as control group. The activity rate of LAP in patients (560.46 10.504) I.U/L and activity rate of LAP in healthy(10.58 4.39)I.U/L.The results of the study reveal that Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity of type 2 diabetes patient s serum shows a high signifiacant increase (p < 0.001) compare to healthy subjects. Addition preparation leucine amide as substrate of LAP, identification melting point and spectra by FTIR. K

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder that is associated with the imbalance of trace elements which are involved in many functions especially enzyme activities. Changes in the levels of serum elements probably can create some complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Previous experimental and clinical studies report that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of (T2DM). However, the exact mechanism of oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of (T2DM).

The aim of this study contained the following sections: firstly, to determine some biochemical parameters in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) like lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdeh

This study is carried out on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to assess the lipid profile, malondialdehyde and glutathione. Our study is concerned with 51 (Iraqi Arab females) patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with 31 control subjects unified in age, sex and ethnic background. Lipid profile is measured by using commercially available kits, while the serum MDA and glutathione levels are measured by means of sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits. Serum MDA is significantly higher (P<0.001) while glutathione is significantly lower (P<0.001) in type 2 diabetic patients when compared to the control. The normal levels of MDA (3.82 ± 0.77n mol/ml) and GSH (2.23 ± 0.54 µg/ml) recorded for the non-diabetic female

       The co-occurrence of metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will potentiate the morbidity and mortality that may be associated with each case. Fasting triglycerides-glucose index (TyG index) has been recommended as a useful marker to predict metabolic syndrome. Our study aimed to introduce gender-specific cut-off values of triglycerides- glucose index   for diagnosing metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data were collected from Baghdad hospitals between May - December 2019. The number of eligible participants was 424. National cholesterol education program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome. Measurement of fasting blood glucose, lipid pro

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a stressful condition in which the increased production of free radicals impairs the generation of naturally occurring antioxidants like vitamins and
carotenoids . 
Aim :The present study deals with the changes in serum ß-carotene in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as modulated by glycemic control and oxidative stress .
Subjects & methods : Multiple biochemical parameters were obtained from plasma of 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 25 males and 32 females ) , on oral hypoglycemic with
a disease duration of 1- 15 years and 37 healthy normal subject s of matching age and sex to serve as controls. The biochemical parameters measured in the present study i

In modern hydraulic control systems, the trend in hydraulic power applications is to improve efficiency and performance. “Proportional valve” is generally applied to pressure, flow and directional-control valves which continuously convert a variable input signal into a smooth and proportional hydraulic output signal. It creates a variable resistance (orifice) upstream and downstream of a hydraulic actuator, and is meter in/meter out circuit and hence pressure drop, and power losses are inevitable. If velocity (position) feedback is used, flow pattern control is possible. Without aforementioned flow pattern, control is very “loose” and relies on “visual” feed back by the operator. At this point, we should examine how this valv

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common disease in childhood. A linear relation between glycemic control (HbA1c < 7) and onset or progression of complication was detected. Only few individuals achieve glycemic control.
Objective: To estimate the glycemic control among diabetic children attending tertiary center.
Methods: All diabetic children registered in the diabetic consultancy clinic in Children Welfare Teaching hospital (298) were included in the study. Case records were reviewed and information on demography, weight and height, age at diagnosis and HbA1c was requested.
Results: Out of the total, 23.8% diabetic children had glycemic control. Glycemic control was decreasing with age (p=0.001), significantl

The (CTLA-4) encodes of the T cell receptor involved in the control of T cell
proliferation and mediates T cell apoptosis. The contribution of CTLA-4 gene
variants to type 1 diabetes has been analyzed in several ethnic groups. In this study,
the association of CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphism with type 1 diabetes was
investigated in Egyptian patients. Sixty type 1 diabetic patients (25 males and 35
females) and 60 healthy individuals (33 males and 27 females) subjects formed the
studied populations. CTLA-4 A/G polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 was
identified using allele specific methods. Patient numbers with A/G, A/A and G/G
genotypes were 45 (75.0 %), 6 (10.0 %) and 9 (15.0%) while in healthy controls,
these w

Backgrounds: Despite advances in management of diabetes mellitus, it remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, yet diabetic nephropathy is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus. .Microalbuminuria is the beginning to the renal complications of diabetes mellitus; it is a significant index of early detection as well as monitoring the progression of diabetic nephropathy.