Background: Clinical classification of patients with acute coronary syndrome is essential step in identifying severe cases before referring them, fairly quickly, for the ultimate investigation of coronary angiography .Hence it is important to find out the extent at which the severity of the disease, based on clinical classification, agrees with its severity at angiography and to see whether traditional Risk factors or pas ischaemia played a role.
Patients and Methods : The angiographer data of 178 consecutive pts with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) were retrospectively analyzed. The pts consisted of 114 with Unstable Angina (UA) and 64 pts with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Patients were classified depending upon the predominating clinical assessment during hospitalization into four groups of progressively worsening ischaemia. They were; group 1; New onset Angina; 27 pts, group 2; Deteriorating Chronic Angina, 33 pts, group 3; Rest Angina 54 pts, and, group 4; Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), 64 pts.
Results : Coronary Angiography revealed that the frequency of multi-vessel coronary Disease (MVD) in group 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 48%, 73%, 72%, and 56% respectively which meant that worsening of ischaemia was not accompanied by commiserate increase of the frequency of MVD in Rest angina and NSTEMI. To explain that we calculated the average number of Five traditional Risk Factors; Hyperlipidaemia (HL), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HTN), Smoking (SM), and Positive Received March 2006 Family History (PFH) in the four groups ofACS (R.F. score) and they were 1.72, 1.87, 2.13, 2.51 in Accepted May 2006 groups 1,2,3, and 4 respectively. Then we studied the relation of having one, two, three, and four orfive Risk Factors and the frequencies of Multi-vessel disease and they were; 43%, 67%, 76%, and 84% respectively which meant that the frequency of MVD ought to increase from group 1 to group 4 supporting the clinical classification. This prompted us to look into the individual Risk factors. The clinical data showed that the incidence of HL had risen
significantly in Ch. D. angina and Rest Angina (P: 0.03) and that the incidence of SM had risen significantly in NSTEMI (P.• 0.001). Since the angiographic data had demonstrated a significant association of HL with MVD and SM with SVD we may understand why the rate of MVD was not higher in NSTEMI than UA. To explain why the frequency of MVD in Rest Angina (g. 1) was not higher than Ch. D. Angina (g. 2) despite having worse ischaemia and higher R.F. Score we scrutinized the data and noticed that the main difference between group 1 and group 2 that chronic stable angina had preceded the onset of UA in Group 2 while it did not do in group 1. On the other hand Rest Angina and NSTEMI pis were a mixture of those with and without prior ischaemia. To follow this point further we divided both groups into two subgroups: one with history of prior ischaemia and one without it. The frequency
of MVD in Rest Angina and NSTEMI with prior ischaemia were 83%% and 81 %% compared to 54% and 39% respectively in pts without it.
Conclusion this study has shown that clinical classification in Acute Coronary Syndrome may predict severity of the underlying CAD to some extent however considering the no. Of risk factors and which Risk factor and whether there was antecedent ischaemia would improve the prediction a great deal.
This study aims to determine the impact of organization values as an independent variable across its dimensions (organization management values, organization mission values, relations management values, and environment management values) on achieve the strategic success which is the dependent variable and include its dimensions (environmental analysis, creative thinking, strategic decision, effective implementation, and leadership capacities). The study is conducted in the Iraq Oil Ministry. It deployed the analytical descriptive approach. It focuses on the study problem enquiries throughout addressing several principal and sub-hypothesizes in regards to cause and effect relationship. To achieve this result
... Show MoreThe Contemporary Business Environment is Surrounded by many quick and continues variable and changes which has an effect on the economic units. These variables and changes like the high competition which need many tools to help them to continue and achieve The critical success. So to achieve this they have many competitive strategies like cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy.
Budget is regarded one of main tools to execute objectives polices and programs of the economic units, beside show how the economic units had execute the available economic resources.
Activity based on budgeting is regarded one of the modern technique in the m
... Show MoreAbstract
On 11/1/2008 amounts of snows fell on various sections of Iraq, one of
which is Baghdad. The analysis process of climatic maps proved that the
advance trough of Sudanese depression towards the city is the reason behind
the formation of this weather state supported by could trough in the (500) mb
pressure level. .
The research concluded that the phenomenon of global warming
witnessed by the world recently had a main role in the occurrence of this
phenomenon due to the raise in earth temperature as a result of evaporation
rate increase leading to an increase in water vapor and cloud formation with
high tops and low bases which form sows with high rates accumulating at high
and moderate latitudes le
In today's cities, it is easy to see large numbers of vacant lands and unused abandoned sites in downtown areas that are not only ugly but also potentially becoming fertile ground for criminal activities that endanger residents and visitors and contribute to the further degradation of neighborhoods,
can provide reuse of spaces Neglected opportunities to reshape the appearance of the city and to improve the city center for its users that the presence of many neglected sites, whether they were abandoned buildings or sites for destroyed buildings in Mosul after the war on ISIS and with large areas amid the urban fabric led to the emergence of the research problem is (lack of urban planning to reactivate abandoned sites within the ci
... Show MoreThe research aims to investigate the relationship and impact of e-governance as an independent variable in achieving creative performance as a dependent variable. These variables have been studied in the Directorate of Passports Affairs, and seek to come up with a set of recommendations that help in promoting e-governance in the researched organization, and the researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, included The sample (122) of the total (194) individuals distributed in several administrative levels (officers, associates, and administrative staff). By adopting the questionnaire, which included (49) paragraphs as the main tool for the collection of data and information, as well as personal interviews and field obs
... Show MoreThe problem of the study is concerned with the work of The Iraqi Airways Company in political, economic, and social environment that suffers instability for many years. This has its negative outcomes regarding its decisions of providing services to its markets and customers as a result of the orientations, behavior, and marketing values the company management adopted. The aim of this study is to investigate the marketing philosophy adopted by the management and to identify the extent it suits the materialistic and the human capacities of the company and its current environmental circumstances within the marketing culture common to the thoughts and behaviors of the management and their employees. And in order to achiev
... Show MoreThe current research aims to test the relationship of the entrepreneurial leadership and its factors (strategic factors, communication factors, personal factors, motivational factors) in managing the organizational crisis and its stages (detection of warning signs, readiness and prevention, containment of damages, restoration of activity, learning) among a sample of companies of the Ministry Water resources (Al-Fao State Company for the implementation of irrigation projects, Al-Rafidain Company for the implementation of dams, Iraq Company for the implementation of irrigation projects), as well as standing at the level of interest of the research companies in the search variables and their factors and stages, there is no doubt tha
... Show MoreIn Iraq, government contributions to the public companies have become a very important aspect which contributes to the survival and sustainability of these institutions as it consider one of the main sources of funding, if not it consider the basis of funding.
According to the vital roles assigned to these institutions to follow up, which usually include important activities in the national economy, the research focused on studying the field reality of the method used in evaluating the stock of total production and purchases of goods for the purpose of selling the strategic commodities of the General Company for Grain Trade. As a result, the aim of this study came to came to highlight&n
... Show MoreBackground: the activity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia had been observed to correlate with levels of serum lipoproteins
Objective: to evaluate the correlation of serum levels of different types of lipoproteins with activity of the disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Type of the study: A prospective study.
Methods: A study included patients diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, their serum levels of lipoproteins at time of diagnosis, and on relapse were obtained for comparison.
Results: there is significant inverse correlation of activity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with serum total cholesterol
... Show MoreThis study aims to clarify areas of using information technology in accounting and its impact on the profession of auditors by reviewing the concept, types, areas and the importance of information technology and its implications on the audit profession as well as to clarify the extent of contribution of information technology in developing of procedures of the audit profession and what its requirement, also this study aims to enhance the theoretical side by identifying the views of a sample of auditors in Arab countries selected (Iraq, Syria, Jordan), for the extent of using of information technology in their work and level of their perception for the importance of that