Background: Clinical classification of patients with acute coronary syndrome is essential step in identifying severe cases before referring them, fairly quickly, for the ultimate investigation of coronary angiography .Hence it is important to find out the extent at which the severity of the disease, based on clinical classification, agrees with its severity at angiography and to see whether traditional Risk factors or pas ischaemia played a role.
Patients and Methods : The angiographer data of 178 consecutive pts with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) were retrospectively analyzed. The pts consisted of 114 with Unstable Angina (UA) and 64 pts with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Patients were classified depending upon the predominating clinical assessment during hospitalization into four groups of progressively worsening ischaemia. They were; group 1; New onset Angina; 27 pts, group 2; Deteriorating Chronic Angina, 33 pts, group 3; Rest Angina 54 pts, and, group 4; Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), 64 pts.
Results : Coronary Angiography revealed that the frequency of multi-vessel coronary Disease (MVD) in group 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 48%, 73%, 72%, and 56% respectively which meant that worsening of ischaemia was not accompanied by commiserate increase of the frequency of MVD in Rest angina and NSTEMI. To explain that we calculated the average number of Five traditional Risk Factors; Hyperlipidaemia (HL), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HTN), Smoking (SM), and Positive Received March 2006 Family History (PFH) in the four groups ofACS (R.F. score) and they were 1.72, 1.87, 2.13, 2.51 in Accepted May 2006 groups 1,2,3, and 4 respectively. Then we studied the relation of having one, two, three, and four orfive Risk Factors and the frequencies of Multi-vessel disease and they were; 43%, 67%, 76%, and 84% respectively which meant that the frequency of MVD ought to increase from group 1 to group 4 supporting the clinical classification. This prompted us to look into the individual Risk factors. The clinical data showed that the incidence of HL had risen
significantly in Ch. D. angina and Rest Angina (P: 0.03) and that the incidence of SM had risen significantly in NSTEMI (P.• 0.001). Since the angiographic data had demonstrated a significant association of HL with MVD and SM with SVD we may understand why the rate of MVD was not higher in NSTEMI than UA. To explain why the frequency of MVD in Rest Angina (g. 1) was not higher than Ch. D. Angina (g. 2) despite having worse ischaemia and higher R.F. Score we scrutinized the data and noticed that the main difference between group 1 and group 2 that chronic stable angina had preceded the onset of UA in Group 2 while it did not do in group 1. On the other hand Rest Angina and NSTEMI pis were a mixture of those with and without prior ischaemia. To follow this point further we divided both groups into two subgroups: one with history of prior ischaemia and one without it. The frequency
of MVD in Rest Angina and NSTEMI with prior ischaemia were 83%% and 81 %% compared to 54% and 39% respectively in pts without it.
Conclusion this study has shown that clinical classification in Acute Coronary Syndrome may predict severity of the underlying CAD to some extent however considering the no. Of risk factors and which Risk factor and whether there was antecedent ischaemia would improve the prediction a great deal.
Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are
cardiovascular risk factors that commonly coexist .
Objective : To evaluate the effects of ß - blocker
(Atenolol) , ACE inhibitor (Captopril) calcium Channel
blocker (Nefidipin ) and diuretics on serum lipid profiles .
Method: Thirty untreated hypertensive and 147
hypertensive patient treated with these antihypertensive
drugs, attending different public health clinics in Basrah
pronivce were enrolled in this study .
Serum lipid profile were determined enzymaticaly using kits
from BioMerieux, France .
Result : The study has revealed that ß-blocker do not
significantly affect total cholesterol ( TC ) and LDLcholesterol , but increase significantly triglycer
The Research aimed for identification the significant of health problems that occurrences through
misused of computer for those whom attaches with more than two hours daily and to identification the
nature of demographical characteristics variables and that related variables with using computer. Also to
know the level of user’s knowledge for some attaché’s equipment's and finally creating a new suggested
measurement scale for studying health problems that were occurred through misused of computer.
Creating questionnaire includes several domains (Social problems – family environment, Social problems –
external environment, some health problems attaches with related equipment's, psychological problems,
and hea
The habitat type and food availability always influence the population size of many
organisms. Bird’s feeding pattern should be abstracted to complete avian community structure
data. The agronomy main research farm of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology
is a well-managed multi-crop agro-ecosystem which provides a suitable ground for ecological
research. In a multi-crop farmland, the association of Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Linnaeus,
1758, with the Indian mustard Brassica juncea (L.) Czernajew, 1859 crops have been
recorded for the first time while hovering only on this field. A flock of Barn swallows was
recorded in 32 field visits while flying continuously over the Indian mustard field after
flow
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). So far, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is markedly reduced in NASH patients, diabetic
The present paper focuses on studying a rhetorical form often used in Spanish linguistic discourse .It also examines the study two sides (theoretical and practical), the concept of metaphor, the most important modern school that deals with this issue, the development of this technique and its relationship with other intellectual ideologies, and the role metaphor plays in interpreting the meaning of the linguistic discourse especially in conveying political message. The study allows the formulation and the creation of a conceptual picture for the purposes of metaphor in the linguistic discourse used in Spanish press. It investigates discursive models from the Spanish press,
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In this paper, we introduce and study new types of soft open sets and soft closed
sets in soft bitopological spaces (X,~ ,~ ,E) 1 2 , namely, (1,2)*-maximal soft open
sets, (1,2)*-maximal soft (1,2)*-pre-open sets, semi (1,2)*-maximal soft (1,2)*-preopen
sets, (1,2)*-maximal soft closed sets, (1,2)*-maximal soft (1,2)*-pre-closed
sets, (1,2)*-minimal soft open sets, (1,2)*-minimal soft (1,2)*-pre-open sets, (1,2)*-
minimal soft closed sets, (1,2)*-minimal soft (1,2)*-pre-closed sets, and semi (1,2)*-
minimal soft (1,2)*-pre-closed sets. Also, properties and the relation among these
concepts have been studied.
The linear instability and nonlinear stability analyses are performed for the model of bidispersive local thermal non-equilibrium flow. The effect of local thermal non-equilibrium on the onset of convection in a bidispersive porous medium of Darcy type is investigated. The temperatures in the macropores and micropores are allowed to be different. The effects of various interaction parameters on the stability of the system are discussed. In particular, the effects of the porosity modified conductivity ratio parameters, and , with the int
... Show MoreThe importance of the research lies in developing flexibility exercises (positive and negative) that help improve the level of physical and skill performance, address some weak points, and develop factors that work to implement skills with a wider range of motion, accuracy, and high strength. This is what makes the game of badminton more developed and successful. Performing (dimensions) strokes And the forward projection) by not using the wrist and the correct movement of the striking arm. This makes the player’s performance ineffective, which requires her to practice flexibility and movement flow to address this weakness. The study aims to prepare exercises using flexibility (positive and negative) and to know the e
... Show MoreBackground:The most common pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients is increased triglyceride (TG) and decreased HDL cholesterol level, The concentration of LDL cholesterol in diabetic patients is usually not significantly different from non diabetic individuals, Diabetic patients may have elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol [ LDL+VLDL]. However type 2 diabetic patients typically have apreponderance of smaller ,denser LDL particles which possibly increases atherogenicity even if the absolute concentration of LDL cholesterol is not significantly increased. The Third Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP III) and the American Heart Association (AHA ) have designate diabetes as a coronary heart dis
... Show MoreBackground: DVT is a very common problem with a very serious complications like pulmonary embolism (PE) which carries a high mortality,and many other chronic and annoying complications ( like chronic DVT, post-phlebitic syndrome, and chronic venous insufficiency) ,and it has many risk factors that affect its course, severity ,and response to treatment. Objectives: Most of those risk factors are modifiable, and a better understanding of the relationships between them can be beneficial for better assessment for liable pfatients , prevention of disease, and the effectiveness of our treatment modalities. Male to female ratio was nearly equal , so we didn’t discuss the gender among other risk factors. Type of the study:A cross- secti