Summary:
Background: The incidence of cancer of the cervix is comparatively low in Iraq, as in most other Islamic countries. Pre invasive lesions of the uterine cervix can be detected by Pap smears in their preclinical course, a fact which documents the significant role of cervical cytology in gynecological practice.
Objective: To emphasize the role of cervical cytopathology (Pap smears) in the detection and follow up of various cervical lesions that may predispose to cervical carcinoma with special emphasis on Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplastic (CIN) conditions or dysplasias.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study M’as performed on 1500 women aged 20 years and above who attended the private clinical laboratory of the senior investigator during the period betM'een (May 2000 to May 2001). Cases were randomly selected. All relevant clinico-pathological data were recorded within a standardized interview report. After careful examination of the external genitalia, a Pap smear M’as obtained using Ayre's wooden spatula. Results were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: Cytological diagnosis revealed:
1065 cases (71.01%) of non specific cervicitis.
392 cases (26.13%) of specific cervicitis.
30 cases (2%) of cervical polyp.
172 cases (11.47%) of CIN! (mild dysplasia).
31 cases (2.07%) of CINj (moderate dysplasia).
10 cases (0.67%) ofCIN} (severe dysplasia).
According to the Bethesda system, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) M’as the most common epithelial cell abnormality representing (24.27%) of total group studied, while low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) and atypical glandular cell of undetermined significance (AGUS) represented (13.27 %) and ( 16.2 %) of total group studied respectively. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were detected in (2.73 %) of the examined smears. Clinical examination revealed that the grades of CIN were higher in patients with older age groups and a statistically significant correlation M’as shown between parity and the severity of cervical lesions. Cervical erosions, hypertrophy and congestion were reported in a significant proportion of cases among our sudy population.
Conclusion: Pap smear cytology remains as one of the most effective tools used in the early detection and follow up of many gynecological disorders specifically precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.. Cytological diagnosis of these lesions with treatment of the associated inflammations could be helpfid in preventing their progression into more serious cervical pathology.
A new chelate complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) were prepared by reacting these ions with the ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI) The preparation were conducted after fixing the optimum conditions such as (pH) and concentration .UV- visible spectra of these complex solutions were studied for a range of (pH) and concentration which obey lampert-Beers Law.The structures of complexes were deduced according to mole ratio method which were obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions .The ratios of metal: ligand obtained were (1:2) for all complexes..(UV-Vis) absorption spectra and The infrared spectra of the chelating complexes were studied ,this may indicate that coordination be
... Show MoreThis research of the thesis includes the preparation and identification of two new tetra dentate Schiff's base ligand . (H4L1 ) and then binuclear complexes with a group of transition metal ions in addition to cadmium with the general formula. [M2(L1)Cl2(H2O)2] M+2=[Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Cd] The prepared complexes and ligands were identified by in pared(FT-IR) spectroscopy ,Ultra violet-visible(UV-visible) spectroscopy and H-NMR spectroscopy of the prepared ligand, also microanalysis (C.H.N) of some of the prepared compounds has been carried out and the melting points, the molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility
. New Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((ІІ), Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Zn(ІІ) and Cd(ІІ) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic m
... Show MoreThe Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala
... Show MoreThe climate parameters (rainfall, number of rainy days and temperature) data for about seventy years from 1941 – 2009 for three Iraqi meteorological stations (Diwaniya, Nasiriya, and Kut) were investigated and gave good evidence of climate change. As well as the climatic water balance and the climatic conditions were determined at Karbala meteorological station for the years (1982-2015). The annual precipitation for Karbala station-reflect declination from 105 mm for the period 1982-1990 to about 71 mm for the years 2011- 2015 confirms the effect of global climate change. Analyzing Karbala climate parameters reflects that the total annual rainfall is (89 mm), evaporation is (2984 mm), while the mean monthly relative humi
... Show MoreAn abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, Schiff base ligand (L) was prepared by the reaction of 4-aminantipyrine with o-phenylenediamine, the prepared ligand characterized by Micro elemental Analysis, FT. IR, UV-Vis, and 1H,13C-NMR spectroscopy.complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) with Schiff base and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) have been investigated in aqueous ethanol with (1:1:1) (M:L:Phen). The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, (C. H. N) Analysis, FT. IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the octahedral structure was suggested for all complexes. The biological screening effects o
... Show MoreThe adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H2L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monol
... Show MoreThe new 4-[(7-chloro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole)azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (L) have been synthesized and characterized by micro elemental and thermal analyses as well as 1H.NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. (L) acts as a ligand coordinating with some metal ionsV(IV), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). Structures of the new compounds were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses as well as FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectra. The magnetic properties and electrical conductivities of metal complexes were also determined. Study of the nature of the complexes formed in ethanol following the mole ratio method.. The work also include a theoretical treatment of the formed complexes in the gas phase, this was done using the (hyperch
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