Propranolol is a nonselective-adrenergic blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and angina pectoris. A significant problem in propranolol therapy is that it undergoes extensive presystemic metabolism after oral administration leading to reduced bioavailability. In this study, two new propranolol derivatives have been designed, synthesized and characterized. These compounds were formed by acylation of propranolol followed by nucleophilic substitution reaction of acylated propranolol, these derivatives were analyzed for IR, CHN, melting points, and evaluated for their lipophilic properties compared with propranolol. The lower partition coefficient of these two derivatives revealed that the prodrug approach may be

Background: Occult Hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among blood donors is an important medical concern.
Objectives: This study was done to detect the presence of occult hepatitis B virus infections among blood donors with negative hepatitis B surface antigen and positive total anti-hepatitis B core antibodies in Hawler Major Blood Bank in Hawler city/Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Methods: A total number of 12,185 blood donors in Hawler Major Blood Bank were screened for HBsAg and total anti-HBcAb using ELISA technique, and then positive results were retested by confirmatory technique by Chemiluminescence assay. All HBsAg-/HBcAb+ were selected as the study group; HBV DNA was tested among HBsAg-/HBcAb+ by conventional PCR and Real time-

Background: Malaria remains a leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (including Sudan). C-reactive protein (CRP) is useful as   a marker of severity in malaria. African studies have shown that serum CRP levels correlate with parasite burden and complications in malaria, especially falciparum. However, there are no data on CRP levels in Sudanese malaria patients.

This study aims to evaluate the association between CRP levels with comorbidities, species, and complications of severe malaria

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 65 severe malaria patients at Khartoum state hospitals during the period from April to June2021. Manifestations of severe

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is widespread and involved in the pathogenesis of the majority of stomach and duodenal diseases. Reduced stomach acidity facilitates the initial infection. Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride) are essential for the production of stomach acid. This study aimed to observe any changes in the levels of serum electrolytes (Na, K, and Cl) and serum vitamin C levels in a sample of Iraqi patients infected with H. Pylori. We studied 30 infected patients with H. Pylori and 30 matched healthy controls. The results revealed that the serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.002, 0.003 and 0.0001, respectivel

Back ground: Cancer is the second leading cause of death throughout the world. Breast cancer, is one of the leading mortality reasons in women from Western Countries, in Iraq, breast cancer is the second reason of death After cardiovascular Diseases.

Material and method:

The study was carried out of period from October/2016-january /2017 and  included (90) serum samples for Iraqi women suffered from breast cancer . Samples were divided into two groups ,the first group included (66) patients (females) their age rang (22-55) years which attended to (tumor unit) at medical city educational oncology hospital and Al-Amal Al-Waatanii hospital in Baghdad ,the second group included (38) for

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis by 2-4 folds than in non- diabetics. In general population, low IGF-1 has been associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and mortality .This study aims to find out the relationship between IGF-1 level and other biochemical markers such as Homeostasis Model Assessment insulin resistance(HOMAIR) and Body Mass Index(BMI) in type 2 diabetic patients . This study includes (82) patients (40 females and 42 males) with age range (40-75) years,(34) non obese diabetic patients and (48) obese diabetic patients. The non obese individuals considered

Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder in which vascular thrombosis and / or recurrent pregnancy losses occur in a patient who has laboratory evidence of antibodies against phospholipids or phospholipids binding protein cofactor. Usually the patient presents at an age between 35- 45 years, with equal male to female ratio. Mostly they present with thrombosis or pregnancy complication. A quarter of the patients have thrombocytopenia and about one fifth have hemolytic anemia. The diagnosis rests on the criteria set as the Revised classification criteria for the Antiphospholipid syndrome
Patients and Methods; During the period from 1st Jan. 2002 until the 1st Jan. 2006,24 patients who met&n

Miscarriage is one of the fundamental complications occurring in pregnant women. Many fastidious and uncultivated bacterial species are related to miscarriage and have a significant role in the infection. The association between inverse pregnancy outcomes and infections of abnormal bacteria has been rarely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Leptotrichia amnionii and Atopobium vaginae as a risk factor for miscarriage states. A total of 80 cervical swabs and blood samples were obtained from females (34 non-pregnant with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, 11 pregnant who had previous miscarriage, and 35 without miscarriage as control) who were referred to a hospital in Baghdad city. The relationship bet

The preparation of the title compound, C₂₆H₂₅N, was achieved by the condensation of an ethanolic mixture of benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone and ammonium acetate in a 2:1:1 molar ratio. There are two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The two cyclohexyl rings adopt ananti-envelope conformation with the benzyl moiety adopting acisconformation with respect to the nitrogen atom of the phenanthridine segment. In the crystal, molecules are linked through C—H...N interactions into hydrogen-bonded chains that are further arranged into distinct layers by weak offset π–π interactions.