This study was designed to evaluate the effect of major surgery on thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in patient undergoing major lower abdominal surgery. The study included fifty patients scheduled for elective major lower abdominal surgery, the serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH were determined one day preoperatively, intraoperative, one day postoperatively, two days postoperatively, and rT3 was determined one day preoperatively, and one day postoperatively. We observed that the levels of (T3, T4, TSH) increased significantly (P<0.05) intraoperatively, one day postoperatively the levels of T3 and T4 reduced significantly (P<0.05), while TSH reduced not significantly (P>0.05), and two days postoperatively T4 and TSH returned to increase si

   One of the most common forms of diabetes is Type-2 that occurs due to the failure of cells in recognizing and responding to insulin if not accurately treated. The aim of this work is to evaluate the relations of thyroid hormones, vitamins, and lipid peroxidation with the glycemic index in patients experiencing Type-2 diabetes. Some tests of biochemical parameters and vitamins were conducted on 35 patients experiencing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and 35 healthy subjects. The results indicated the increase in the levels of MDA (3.86 ± 0.97 µmol/L), HbA1c (8.27 ± 1.66 %), FBS (198.34 ± 32.41 mg/dl) and TSH (5.67 ±0.34 mIU/L) in the blood of diabetic subjects in comparison to the controls at a P value lower than 0.05. These incr

Background: Urany1 acetate (UA) mostly a kidney poison or chemical toxic and not nearly so much radiological also is not accumulative toxic, so it is not concentrated in the food chain nor would it cause pathological condition due to increase levels from expomers. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the target organ as most of the lethal dose (LD50) male rats died within 24 hours.
Methods: Study was done on (120) male rats of 2 months old, at varying dosage level of uranyl acetate ranging from LD 50 of 2.5 and 1.5gm/kg and varying dosage level, by oral intubation. There were (40) rats for LD 50 were given single oral dose from 2.5 to 1.5 gm /kg every day. Eighty rats for the main study, (20) rats each gr

Backgraound: Adrenal disorders in surgical practice are presented either as hyperfunctional disorders or non functional disorders (incidentalomas). Functionally, medullary tumors (pheochromocytoma) result in excess secretion of catecholamines(l), on the other hand, functioning adrenocortical tumors could secrete excess of cortisol (Cushing syndrome), aldosterone (Conn's syndrome) or sex hormones (virilizing syndromes). (2
The aim of our study is to identify and to show our experience in the surgical approach and postoperative complications of adrenal disorders.
Patients & methods: This is a prospective study of 20 cases diagnosed as having adrenal disorders, admitted and evaluated in Baghdad T

This article discusses the change of values in urban family, because of various communication media and modern technologies as one of the most important factors affecting the changing family values in urban areas, this means becoming part of urban life. And focuses on the family in urban areas, for the privacy of the social, economic, demographic and cultural help to this effect, and because cities are the most friction and interaction with modern technologies.

Background: the management of gun shoot wounds of the spinal cords (G sws) is still a debate whether to interfere surgically or not, the interferance is usually laminectomy & Bullet
extraction.
Objectives: A comparative prospective study between surgical & non-surgical management of G sws.
Methods: A case series study of (52) patients with G sws were managed by the neurosurgical unit in Ibn Sinna hospital in Mosul. 27 patients surgery was done, 25 patients non-surgical
management. A comparative study done according to the surgical outcome, improvement, mortality between the 2 groups in a mean follow up period of 4.5 months.
Results: The mean age was 35, (9-50 years) , mean follow up 4.5 mon

The present paper examines the genre of death notices in Iraqi newspapers in terms of its schematic and socio-cultural structure. Adopting Swales&amp;#39; [1990] rhetorical approach to genre analysis, the study has examined a corpus of 150 death texts

In this note, we present a component-wise algorithm combining several recent ideas from signal processing for simultaneous piecewise constants trend, seasonality, outliers, and noise decomposition of dynamical time series. Our approach is entirely based on convex optimisation, and our decomposition is guaranteed to be a global optimiser. We demonstrate the efficiency of the approach via simulations results and real data analysis.

    This histological study was carried out to compare between the thyroid gland of mice (as a model of the mammals) and the thyroid tissue of fish.  Unlike mice, the thyroid gland of fish can't be recognized by naked eye.  The present study revealed that the thyroid of mice varied from that of fish by the location and the histological structure. The study classified the physiological state of the thyroid of mice into three states and that of the fish into only two states. Accordingly, the study concluded that the metabolism of thyroid fish was of moderate type.