The study aimed to identify the legal controls of solitary confinement for inmates and their psychological, health and social effects on them. The study also aims to identify the controls of solitary confinement in accordance with the most prominent international standards, which are the Nelson Mandela rules for the year 2015, in addition to the national legislation, namely the Palestinian, Jordanian, and Qatari. The study also aimed to identify the The psychological, health and social effects of solitary confinement on the inmates, In this study, the researchers used the analytical approach, based on the analysis of international agreements and national legislation to identify the legal controls, and the analysis of the opinions of juri

Background: Urine cytology has an acceptable sensitivity, & specificity that justifies its use in the current diagnostic protocol. In Iraq transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) constitute about 62.1 % of bladder cancer (which ranks the third according to the results of Iraqi Cancer Registry 1995-1997). Urine cytology used in the primary diagnosis, follow up, and in the screening programs of asymptomatic but high-risk patients.
Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 93 patients, diagnosed or clinically suspected to have TCC of the urinary bladder attending to the Urological department in ALKadhimiya Teaching Hospital, AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, and Baghdad Medical City. During the p

Background: The occurrence of incidental thyroid cancer (ITC) has increased by three times during the last decades and this rise could be attributed to many factors. To limit the prevalence of ITC with goiter especially nodular goiter, total thyroidectomy can become a procedure of choice.

Objective: To determine the extent of incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) and to plan a proper preoperative diagnostic work up and a convenient operative procedure for patients with different thyroid diseases.

Results: ITC was found in 77 patients (19.15%). While, 63 patients with non-toxic MNG (15.6%), 12 patients with non-toxic solitary thyroid nodule (3%) and two patients (0.5%) wi

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide infectious disease in spite of advancement in health care system. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most prevalent form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis with predilection of cervical lymph nodes. Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of grey scale ultrasonography together with color Doppler in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymph adenitis and evaluation of early therapeutic response. Subjects and methods:From July 2015 to May 2016 in Al-Karama teaching hospital /Kut city- Wasit-Iraq, 25 patients (14 males and 11 females) with ages range from (6-50) years. Ultrasonography examination was done for all patients and grey scale criteria (distribution, size, shape, echogenicity, echogenic hi

The development in the field of medical physics has led to the use of devices that
are manufactured under normal conditions to make tremendous progress in the
world of development in medical treatment by using these devices with modern
techniques by reducing the use of antibiotics and relying on these tools and devices
that link between physics and modern therapeutic medicine. In this research, a nonthermal
plasma system for argon gas operated at normal atmospheric pressure was
designed, this system was applied on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacteria isolated
from burn patients from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital. These bacteria were exposed
to this system, the results showed that these bacteria were killed at time (5 min)

Background: Thyroid ultrasound has been widely used to differentiate benign from malignant nodules; many investigators have tried to point out few ultrasonographic features in order to identify those lesions, which are at a higher risk of malignancy.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of selected conventional ultrasound (US) features of thyroid focal lesions useful for predicting malignancy and establishing indications for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
Patients and Methods:Two hundred and four consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who visited the outpatient clinic of the surgical department of Tikrit University teaching hospital for the period from January 2011 to April 2014, and who underwent surgery for clinical s

In this research, a non-thermal plasma system was designed and a non-thermal plasma needle was manufactured for argon gas operating at normal atmospheric pressure. The electrical description of this system studied by using two different values of voltages (4.9,8) kV. Where the results showed the small amount of electrical current consumed by the system of plasma needle up to several microns of amps, and the value of the electrical current increase with the increasing gas flow, as well as the results, showed that happen a breakdown voltage at (8) kV when gas flow (4 l/min) causing a slight decrease in the electrical current value.

Cold plasma is a relatively low temperature gas, so this feature enables us to use cold plasma to treat thermally sensitive materials including polymers and biologic tissues. In this research, the non-thermal plasma system is designed with diameter (3 mm, 10 mm) Argon at atmospheric pressure as well as to be suitable for use in medical and biotechnological applications.
The thermal description of this system was studied and we observed the effect of the diameter of the plasma needle on the plasma, when the plasma needle slot is increased the plasma temperature decrease, as well as the effect of the voltages applied to the temperature of the plasma, where the temperature increasing with increasing the applied voltage . Results showed t

This current entitled (The Alternative Fine Penalty for the Deprivation of Liberty) addressed and studied this alternative punishment for a short-term prison sentence. We sought through it to search the essence of this alternative punishment by dividing this study into two sections, in the first section we addressed the concept of the alternative fine to the deprivation of liberty, which was divided into two requests, the first request included the definition of the alternative fine penalty for the deprivation of liberty, while the second request discussed the characteristics of the alternative fine penalty for the deprivation of liberty. As to the second section, it tackled the justifications of the alternative fine penalty for the depr

Background: Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy is becoming a gold standard in the work up of suspicious breast lesion. In Iraq, radiologists are not taking the lead in core needle biopsy performance.

Objectives: To evaluate the radiologist performance of core needle biopsy highlighting the precession and accuracy of the procedure, the concordance of ultrasound and histopathology, and identifying challenges facing the radiologist during the procedure.

Subjects and Methods: A prospective study involving a total of 50 patients with ultrasound (US) BIRADS IV or V.  Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy was performed for each patient. Surgical pathol