Background: Zinc is involved in a variety of
metabolic processes and it has a well known
antioxidant activity, so the measurement of its serum
level can have a special value in several diseases.
Objectives: The study is designed to determine the
serum zinc level in heart failure patients and to
compare it with that of healthy individuals and to
study the significance of the results obtained.
Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometer
technique was used to determine serum zinc level in
fifty heart failure patients and fifty healthy individuals
who were age and sex matched.
Results: The mean serum zinc level in healthy
individuals was about 45.5% greater than that of heart
failure patients. This diffe

This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of steroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in preeclamptic Iraqi pregnancies compared to those of healthy pregnancies.This study enrolled 120 pregnant women, divided into four groups:1. 30 healthy pregnant women.2. 37 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia3. 53 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia4. 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia Preeclamptic women and their severe cases but not mild cases had significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of serum hCG as compared with healthy pregnancies. By contrast, sera levels of estradiol were significantly (P<0.01) decreased in total preeclamptic groups and their severe cases but not in mild group as compared to healthy pregnant wome

The prolactin hormone played role in the many autoimmune disorders. To determine the importance of high levels of prolactin in triggering rheumatoid arthritis, thirty patient's women with hyperprolactinemia aged (20-45) years old have been investigated and compared with twenty five healthy individuals. All the studied groups were carried out to measure the concentration of citrulinated peptide(CCP) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA), antikeratin antibodies (AKA)and antinuclear antibodies(ANA) by indirect fluorescent assay IFAT. There was a significant elevation of CCP concentration compared with control groups (P< 0.05). The percentage of antikeratin antibodies and antinuclear antibodies was (20%, 10%) respectively, and

Background: The main purpose of this study is to find if there is any correlation between the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid with its serum level in chronic periodontitis patients and to explore the differences between them according to the probing depth. Materials and methods: Forty seven male subjects enrolled in this study. Thirty males with chronic periodontitis considered as study group whom further subdivided according to probing depth into subgroup 1 with pocket depth ≤6mm, subgroup 2 with pocket depth >6mm. The other 17 subjects considered as controls. For all subjects, clinical examination where done for periodontal parameters plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP),

Background: H.pylori colonized gastric mucosal
epithelium will virtually develop gastritis and had the
capacity to persist for decades. Pathogenesis is
dependent upon strain, virulence host genetic
susceptibility, and environmental cofactors. Leptin is
a member of the class 1 cytokine family so altered
leptin production during ifnect and inflammation that
leptin part of the cytokine cascade ,which
orchestrates the defense mechanism.
Objective: Examin the effect of H.pylori infection
on serum leptin level.
Methods: One hundred and thirty(130) Patients
attending the Endoscopic Unit at "Gastroenterology
and Hepatology Teaching Hospital/ Baghdad Medical
City"were included in this study with ages rang

Background: The role of cytokines in cancer immunity and carcinogenesis in general has been well established, which play an important role in pathogenesis of many solid cancer. This study aimed to shed light on the possible role of IL-6 in pathogenesis of CRC and its relationship with serum CEA level.
Patients and methods: This study covered 50subjects. It comprised of 30 patients with CRC, compared with 20 healthy normal controls. Serum IL-6 and CEA analysis were performed by ELISA.
Results: This study revealed a significant elevation in serum IL-6 level among CRC patients (16.2 pg/ml) in comparison to that of healthy control (4.8 pg/ml) (p<0.001). As well as an interesting significant increase of

Background:Gastrointestinal cancers (GITc) is a worldwide problem. In Iraq , Gastric cancer is the 9th commonest of the top cancers while colorectal cancers it is considered as the 7th commonest ten cancers.IL-10 appears to be more of a pro-tumor than anti-tumor properties in both colorectal and gastric cancers.
Objective:is to estimate the serum level of IL-10 in the Iraqi colorectal and gastric cancer Patientsand its relation to the progress of disease.
Patients and Methods:In ourstudy ,54 serum samples werecollected starting from the 1st of January to mid of March 2011, to investigate the IL-10 serum level by using ELISA kit. 38colorectal and gastric cancer patients (H.Pylori +ve) and 16 of healthy control group.
Results: The

Background: Oxidative stress is a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures and consequently various disease states. Exposure to free radicals from a variety of sources has led organisms to produce a series of defense mechanisms. The antioxidant ceruloplasmin is a copper-containing ferroxidase that can oxidize ferrous iron (Fe2+) to its nontoxic ferric (Fe3+) form. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) is extremely damaging because of its ability to generate toxic free radicals. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease of unknown etiology. Previous studies reported that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. The aim of this study was to estimate the

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a new member of IL-12 family of cytokines, and its role in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been recently suggested. Accordingly, a case-control study was conducted during June - October 2018 to determine IL-35 serum level in Iraqi patients with chronic HBV infection. The results revealed that IL-35 level was significantly decreased in patients as compared to control (163 vs. 301 pg/ml; p < 0.001). However, such decreased level was more pronounced in patients at the age groups < 40 and 40 – 50 years (165 and 145 pg/ml, respectively) as compared to the corresponding age groups in control (482 and 234 pg/ml, respectively). In the case of gender groups, both male