Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic research has been employed to find many of the missing connections between genetic risk variations and causal genetic components. Objective: The goal of this study is to look at the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and see how they relate to disease severity or response to biological therapy. Method: Using specific keywords, the authors conducted a systematic and comprehensive search to identify relevant Iraqi studies examining the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and how they relate to disease severity or response to biolo

Background: This study was carried out from first of June 2008 till first of June 2009 at thallassemia center Diyala governorate on families who have more than one affected member with thalassemia and other member who also gives positive results for hepatitis C infection in addition to the index (infected) case.
Material and methods: The study sample includes (13) families with (13) index cases who test positive for anti-hepatitis C antibody. Each family have at least two patients with thalassemia, the overall number is (29).
Results: This study reveals that 76.92% (10 families) have at least one more member in the same family who also test positive for anti-hepatitis C antibody. Prevalence after exclu

Introduction Periodontal diseases are ranked among the most common health problems affecting mankind. These conditions are initiated by bacterial biofilm, which is further modulated by several risk factors. Objectives To investigate the association of different risk factors with periodontal...

     Urotensin-II (UII), a pluripotent vasoactive cyclic peptide, exhibits the progression of cardiovascular diseases and the glucose metabolic disorder of insulin resistance. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is entirely associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to demonstrate the association of UII with insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. A total of 73 male and female subjects aged 40-60 years were recruited in this case-control study. They included 35 non- diabetic subjects with a body mass index of (BMI) ≤ 25 and 38 patients with Diabetes Mellitus and BMI ≥ 25. UII levels were assessed beside other vasoactive and clinical parameters.     The results re

Endothelin-I (ET-I) is one of the potent vasoconstrictors secreted from endothelial cells when needed. Many studies revealed the elevation of serum ET-I with human diabetes and microangiopathies. Since insulin resistance is a case of mixed diabetic and pre-diabetic cases, many risk factors beyond obesity and inflammation are proposed. The current study aims to demonstrate the association between serum ET-I and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sera of 73 subjects were enrolled currently (control= 35 subjects, and 38 with T2DM for more than 7 years), aged (40-60) years old, with distinct body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 for control volunteers and (BMI) ≥ 25 for obesity and diabetes

Background: Obesity rates are increasing day by day affecting all populations at different ages. The most prevalent kind of cancer among women worldwide is breast cancer, with increasing rates in the present time and in the future. Substantial connections between obesity and breast cancer are demonstrated. Elevated circulating levels of insulin and interleukin-6 have a substantial link to obesity and breast cancer development.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the serum levels of insulin and interleukin-6 in postmenopausal breast cancer patients and to study the connection between these biomarkers and breast cancer development.

Method: In this research

Abstract: Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is one of the most common periodontal pathogen that has a direct effect on periodontium. Diabetes and periodontitis considered as chronic diseases with a bidirectional relationship between them. Evidence has shown that the Node Like Receptor Pyrine-3  inflammasome, is crucial for both illnesses. Aim of study: This investigation was conducted to observe the association between bacterial load of A. actinomyctecomtans and serum level of NLRP3 inflammasome in periodontitis patient with and without type 2 DM and control group. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 85 participants, who

Background: Pre-eclampsia is culmination of a multi-step process that related in part to elevated oxidative stress and associated with hyperurecimia.
Patients and methods: Thirty normotensive and hundred pre-eclamptic pregnant women attending to Al-Basra hospital of pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology were participated in this study. The patients were randomized into six groups. They were treated with methyldopa alone, methyldopa plus vitamin C, methyldopa plus vitamin E, methyldopa plus vitamin C and E, and methyldopa plus allopurinol. The oxidative stress (MDA), renal function parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were evaluated before treatment and 14 day after initiation of therapy.
R

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at locations -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with the tendency of being non-responder to etanercept.

Patients and methods: Between October 2020 and August 2021, a total of 80 patients (10 males, 70 females; mean age: 50 years; range, 30 to 72 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept for at least six months were included. The patients were divided into two groups responders and non-responders, based on their response after six months of continuous treatment. Following polymerase chain reac