Context has occupied a distinguished place as far as the understanding of the texts and deducting the rules from them or analyzing them. The context was considered as one of the important presumptions as far arriving at the desired meanings is concerned. The word is worthless and the meaning is not known unless we know the context in which it came. The context in its two types the lingual and non-lingual types. It is the best for knowing the intended meaning of the Quranic verses to know the real meaning.  

   This study describes the determination of some phenols in four different zones of Tigris river in Iraq including, AL-Krieat, AL-Kadhimiya, AL-Jadiriyah, and AL-Adhamiyah. The  phenolic compounds analyzed were (2,3-dimethylphenol, 4-chlorophenol, 3-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol) using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) with a UV detector on ODS-C18 column(150×4.6 mm I.D) and a mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(30:70)%(v/v) at pH 5.0, and a column temperature at 30C° with 20 µL injection. UV detection helps to identify different phenols at wave length at 280 nm  with a flow rate at 0.5 ml/min. The separation time was (< 6) min.The results indicated that the AL-Adhami

   The trace elements in the medical herbs play an important role in the treatment of diseases. Well selected herbs samples of Iraqi herbs and collected from local markets. In this study, the concentrations of nine elements Na,K, Zn, Fe ,Co ,Cu ,Ni , Pb and Cd were determined in fourteen kinds herbs common belonging to Matricaria Chamomile Cinnamon,Pimpinella Anisum L., Zea Maize , Anethum Graveolens L., Jeft, Teucrium Polium L., Cagsia Italica,Echium Talicum L.,Ocimum Basilcum L., Galeopsis Sejetum,Nigella Sative L., Cyperus Rotundus L.,Lupinus Jaimehintoniana.The herbs samples were analysed by flameless except Na,K, in flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer in different medical herbs.The results indicated that the Na and K

There is substantial data supporting the importance of both endogenous and exogenous estrogen in maintaining reproductive health and preventing chronic disease, androgens in women's health are rarely discussed. This is one of the first researches to investigate correlates of blood testosterone concentrations in women with osteopenia, in anticipation of the growing interest in the role of androgens in women's health. A 65 volunteer women were enrolled in the current study, they were divided into two groups, 35 postmenopausal women with osteopenia were in the first group, and the second group contained 30 postmenopausal women without osteopenia as a control. Blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed for testosterone l

Specialized hardware implementations of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can offer faster execution than general-purpose microprocessors by taking advantage of reusable modules, parallel processes and specialized computational components. Modern high-density Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer the required flexibility and fast design-to-implementation time with the possibility of exploiting highly parallel computations like those required by ANNs in hardware. The bounded width of the data in FPGA ANNs will add an additional error to the result of the output. This paper derives the equations of the additional error value that generate from bounded width of the data and proposed a method to reduce the effect of the error to give

Sustainability is a concept embodied in traditional architecture around the world since ancient times through spontaneous experimental compatibility with the environment and efficient exploitation of the natural resources of the environment according to a rapid development of trial and error over the years . Architecture was the basic means that man devised to protect him from the harsh conditions of the external environment by exploiting natural energy sources such as the sun, wind, and soil capabilitie, Many of the principles of sustainability overlapped with the social organization and human behavior of the community as it was reflected in the urban production at the level of standards of city planning and urban agglomerations as well

of the research is one of the poetic purposes that expresses the philosophy of the intellectual poet who experienced life and learned the tendencies and the gulf of the human soul and the fact that an intellectual attitude towards them, intensified within the poems do not need to be frequently narrated and elaborated, but based on the few words in the rich meanings and expressed the point of view he wanted to convey to the recipient without taking the position of disorientation and retreat to himself expressing his rejection of this reality, but faced this reality different manifestations and reflections and the conditions of human beings in it detailed His opinion is constructive criticism, and accurate observations reveal the culture o

Objective(s): This study was conducted to deal with the importance and effect of various variables which might
have influence in hydrocephaly occurrence.
Methodology: A retrospective design was performed and continued for 4 months. It included 89 nonrandomized
consecutive samples collected from the Early Detection of Childhood Disabilities Center (E.D.C.D.C.)
Duhok. The population involved was the entire cases of both sexes that attended the centre during the period from
1
st.Jan, 1998 to 30th. Dec. 2008 with final diagnosis of hydrocephaly. Patients’ records from the centre were used to
collect data.
Results: Hydrocephaly has been recognized as a public health problem in Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan region,<

Itraconazole (ITZ) is an antifungal drug (BCSII) used for the treatment of local and systemic fungal infections. Furthermore, ITZ used as an antifungal prophylaxis for immunocompromised patients.

The objective of the study is to overcome the two problems of low and pH dependent solubility of ITZ by its preparation as floating microparticles.

Firstly, pH-dependent floating microparticles were prepared using oil in water solvent evaporation method, from which the best one (F7) selected as a best pH-dependent formula with composition of   ITZ (200mg),EC (800mg), HPMC 15cps (200mg) and safflower oil (2ml) .Then, F7 was compared with the selected Relatively pH-independent ITZ floating microparticles formula  wit

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a group of multifactorial autoinflammatory arthritis diseases. A dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is proposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study aimed to define the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of JIA. Accordingly, the serum level of IL-18 was determined in 59 Iraqi JIA patients and 58 matched controls. The results revealed a significantly increased median of IL-18 in the patients as compared to the control. A similar increased level was observed in subgroups of patients characterized according to gender, seropositivity for C-reactive protein and rheumatoid facto