The bill of lading as a receipt of goods issued by the carrier states the apparent order and condition of the goods received from the shipper, after the goods have been placed on a ship, therefore it contains a statements as to leading marks, number of packages or pieces, weight or  number of the goods. If the carrier fails to insert reservation, he would be precluded from proving inaccurate of the statements in bill of lading against third party holder, and would bear the burden of proof that he is not liable about damage, and the consignee would not bound the carrier`s responsibility. It`s important for both the shipper and consignee that the first introduced a clear and correct statements as to quantity, condition shipped goods,

   Discretionary role of the provisions of the Federal Court of Cassation occupies a distinct role in the drafting of the legal base, thanks to vocational and higher professional level, which is practiced by this court in the adaptation of the civil law in light of the changing conditions of the community with the survival of inertia that characterizes the legal basis, so that the legislator important for precision and perfection in his work in drafting this rule, it cannot take in everything and put the necessary solutions to all the new issues that appear in the society. Therefore, the courts in this case is keen to reconcile the provisions of fixed base and the changing conditions of society , in order to reach the intent of

 هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على مدى فاعلية المعلمين في تطبيق نموذج بنائي في تدريس مادة العلوم للصف الثاني الأساسي . وقد استخدمت استراتيجيات نوعية في جمع البيانات وتحليلها . وأوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان المعلمين تقربوا أكثر إلى السلوك البنائي , وابدوا رغبة في استخدام استراتيجيات بنائية في تدريسهم للعلوم . واختتمت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات .

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This study aim to  identify the concept of  web based information systems since its one of the important topics that is  usually omitted by our organizations, in addition to,  designing a web based information system in order to manage the customers data of Al- Rasheed bank, as a unified information system that is specialized to the banking deals of the customers with the bank, and providing a suggested model to apply the virtual private network as a tool that is to protect the transmitted data through the web based information system.

This study is considered important because it deals with one of the vital topics nowadays, namely: how to make it possible to use a distributed informat

The operative system of theatrical performance depends on the construction of the scenographic space, as it constitutes the most aesthetic effect of the recipient, and the body of the theatrical discourse that contains the signs of the show, and it comes as an embodiment of the directing vision of the show director, so most of the world directors resorted to attention to the output treatment to establish the scenographic space, and thus it possesses a contrast in The embodiment of the directing vision according to the stylistic and hermeneutical dimension of the director, so the two researchers found the importance of studying the topic, and the study came under the title (Directing Treatments of the Scenographic Space in the Iraqi Theat

        The scholars  are differed  about  the beginning of   feudal,some  says that it has been known  already in  the  oldest   Babylonic  period . while others   think   that has been of the Fourth  Century .some   scholars . believe that it has  began in the  time  of  the caliph al-mutwakil   (232-247 A.H) who made  anew social class from  the  military to support  him The orientlists   wrote  about the differences  between  the feudal  in Islamic  period   and The feudal in Europe

All aspects of life are controlled directly or indirectly by the church. The Crusades has the essential role in the weakness of feudalism because a lot of slaves escaped to participate in these wars and the Masters were unable to prevent them since the church blessed these Wars and the Participants

  Quran said "the women are under the control of men" this doesn't mean that the men were dictators in the affairs of women . But the men were ready to bear most of their burden or loads .