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Dependence Severity, Locus of Control, and Readiness to Change in Male Alcoholic Clients: A Correlational Study
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Objectives: To assess the level of dependence severity, locus of control, and readiness to change in male alcohol clients and measure the correlation between dependence with a locus of control and readiness to change.

Methodology: A descriptive correlational design was conducted in the substance use rehabilitation centers at psychiatric teaching hospitals in Baghdad city from November /2021 to May 2022. The instrument of the study was designed by using sociodemographic, the clinical characteristics of the client, the Short-form Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD), Drinking Related Internal-External Locus of Control Scale: (DRIE), and the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). The data was collected through the use of a semi-structured form and analyzed by Social Package for Statistical Sciences SPSS version 26.0

Results: The study showed a highly significant difference in dependence severity with an internal and external locus of control at p-value= .001, a significant reverse relationship between readiness to change among clients with regard to the duration of alcohol use at p-value= .008, and amount of alcohol use per day at p-value=.009. A significant relationship between readiness to change and clients’ level of education, and age of alcoholic clients’ is significant at p-value= .005.and significant relationship between locus of control and monthly income.

Conclusions: Alcoholic male clients have a moderate dependence severity of alcohol and moderate external locus of control, low internal locus of control, and high readiness to change.

Recommendations: Further research should be conducted on AUD, activating the media’s role to increase community awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol and the possible treatment methods.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A Study of Drinking Water Properties in Some Hospitals in Baghdad City
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One of the bigger problems in drinking water is disinfection by-products (DBPs) that come from chlorinated disinfection. This study’s goal was to evaluate the drinking water in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Ibn Sina Hospital and Ibn-Al-Nafis Hospital.  Samples were collected between October 2018 and September 2019. Physical and chemical characteristics of the water were studied, including (temperature, hydrogen ion (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, free residual chlorine, total organic carbon (TOC), total trihalomethanes (THMs), total halo acetic acid (THAAs)). Data analysis showed the highest value of study temperature, pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, free residual chlorine and TOC which was

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 12 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
A Comparative Evaluation of Post-Operative Pain and Function after Gingival Depigmentation Using 940 Nm Diode Laser And Conventional Bur Method: 6 Months Study
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser (λ=940 nm) in the management of gingival hyperpigmentation compared to the conventional bur method. Materials and methods: Eighteen patients with gingival hyperpigmentation were selected for the study with an age between 12-37 years old. The site of treatment was the upper gingiva using diode laser for the right half and the conventional method for the left half. All patients were re-evaluated after the following intervals: 3 days, 7 days, 1 month and 6 months post-operation. Pain and functions were re-evaluated in each visit for a period of 1 day, 3 days and 1 week post-operation. Laser parameters included 1.5 W in continuous mode with an initiated tip (400 μm) placed in

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Leader: His Qualifications and Attributes in the Quranic Perspective in Light of Surat Al-Naml - An Objective Study
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Praise be to God, prayer and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah and after :
For the Holy Qur’an is the constitution of this nation, and it has included everything that the nation needs, and it has appropriate solutions for all the problems it faces, and for a long time the nation has its vision for the future, waiting for a leader who carries the concerns of this nation and proceeds towards progress and progress, so that it rises to the glory and glory. He brings it out from what it is today, from its deterioration in all levels.
The world has witnessed in recent decades the development of programs and curricula, and books have been prepared showing how to prepare leaders and their industry, and what programs they should adopt

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of adopting international accounting and financial reporting standards to measure investments in stock on sustainable growth: applied research
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Investments in shares represent an essential component of companies’ assets and a source of profit making resources. These investments are linked to the areas of trading and speculation, which is reflected on their market value, which makes accounting for and evaluating these investments require their own accounting standards, and thus several international standards were issued regarding this as well as a statement of their impact on growth Sustainable, as the research problem is to show the impact of measuring investments in shares according to international accounting and financial reporting standards on the sustainable growth of economic units, the research sample and its reflection on audit procedures. In accordance with i

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 30 2001
Journal Name
3rd. Jordanian Civil Engineering Conference ,29-31 Oct.2001. 2001
The Use of the F.E.M. to Study the Performance of Stone Columns in Soft Soil
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In this paper, the penetration of the stone column was investigated in order to get the minimum length of the stone column above which the increase in length has little advantage. The effect of using different materials in column are also studied. The material used is granular of different angle of internal friction (). The results of the investigation indicated that the effect of stone column remains constant when the ratio of the thickness of the soft clay layer to the stone column’s diameter is more than 15. The results also indicated that a pronounced effect is obtained when the angle of internal friction of the stone column material is increased.

Publication Date
Thu Sep 11 2025
Journal Name
Sulaimani Journal For Humanities
Psychological hesitation and its relationship to the accuracy of serving reception skills among Baghdad University volleyball team players
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This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological frequency and the accuracy of receiving a serve in volleyball. The researchers used a descriptive approach, which is best suited to the research problem. The study sample consisted of 12 players from the University of Baghdad volleyball team. Ten players were selected purposively, and two were excluded from the research sample for use in a pilot study, as well as players who participate in volleyball at sports clubs. The sample size represented 83% of the original population. The researchers used the Psychological Frequency Scale developed by Firas Abdul Hussein (1999) for sports-related applications, which consists of 51 positive and negative items. The SPSS version 26 sof

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Job Enrichment in Building Differentiation Strategy Service: Analytical Exploratory Study of the Views of a Sample of the General Managers and Heads of Departments and Officials of the People in the General Establishment of Civil Aviation
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According to the importance of the subject of research, and the importance of the surveyed organization as a dynamic sector of the country in general , The research attempts to suggest to service organizations in general reconsidering the currently adopted mechanisms in the redesign of its functions , and in the services provided industry . The data was collected from (98) Director Mangers , head of department and head of division . The research tool is the questionnaire , which included (50) items . The results show Significant Effect & Correlation relationship between the two variables due to their dimensions . These lead to he application of job enrichment technology will increase the organization's ability to possess efficient hu

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Accounting For Investments In Joint Projects Accounting to the International Accounting Standard: An applied Study at the General Company for food Stuff Trading
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   As a result of the entry of  multinationals companies in Iraq for investing in the joint projects through conducting agreements and contracts for work on important and strategic projects to get the necessary funds and various experiences which characterize the foreign participant sides that Iraq currently needs them and because of the non-applying the accounting processing stipulated in the unified accounting system in addition to the absence of a local accounting bases as well as the default of the participant contracts on indicating the accounting methods about those projects which are considered one of the bases that enables auditors in the public sector to depend on it, thus the research paper deals with studying an

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Study of Fatigue Fractography of Mild Steel Used in Automotive Industry
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Fatigue failure is almost considered as the predominant problem affecting automotive parts under dynamic loading condition. Thus, more understanding of crack behavior during fatigue can strongly help in finding the proper mechanism to avoid the final fracture and extent the service life of components. The main goal of this paper is to study the fracture behavior of low carbon steel which is used mostly in automotive industry. For this purpose, the fractography of samples subjected to high and low stress levels in fatigue test then was evaluated and analyzed. Hardness and tensile tests were carried out to determine the properties of used steel. Also, the samples were characterized by microstructure test and XRD analysis to examine the con

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Specificity of Government Financing Decisions and their Reflection in Financial Performance / Case Study in Diyala Governorate Sewerage Directorate
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The aim of this research is to study the extent of the impact of government funding decisions on the financial performance of the directorate of Diyala province. The research problem was based on the financial reality of the directorate, and the data were collected from the financial divisions, planning and follow-up, implementation, and engineers of the resident engineer departments. Demonstrate the impact of government funding decisions on financial performance. Using scientific methods in estimating their financial needs through the annual estimated budget. The use of financial analysis to assess the performance of the Directorate, for the purpose of assessing the financial situation of the Directorate of research. The researc

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