The modern steer-by-wire (SBW) systems represent a revolutionary departure from traditional automotive designs, replacing mechanical linkages with electronic control mechanisms. However, the integration of such cutting-edge technologies is not without its challenges, and one critical aspect that demands thorough consideration is the presence of nonlinear dynamics and communication network time delays. Therefore, to handle the tracking error caused by the challenge of time delays and to overcome the parameter uncertainties and external perturbations, a robust fast finite-time composite controller (FFTCC) is proposed for improving the performance and safety of the SBW systems in the present article. By lumping the uncertainties, parameter var

Metaheuristics under the swarm intelligence (SI) class have proven to be efficient and have become popular methods for solving different optimization problems. Based on the usage of memory, metaheuristics can be classified into algorithms with memory and without memory (memory-less). The absence of memory in some metaheuristics will lead to the loss of the information gained in previous iterations. The metaheuristics tend to divert from promising areas of solutions search spaces which will lead to non-optimal solutions. This paper aims to review memory usage and its effect on the performance of the main SI-based metaheuristics. Investigation has been performed on SI metaheuristics, memory usage and memory-less metaheuristics, memory char

The success of any institution must be based on means to protect its resources and assets from the waste, loss, misuse and the availability of accurate and reliable data by accounting reports to increase its operational efficiency, namely, that the internal control system is considered as a safety valve for top management in any economic unit. The problem is represented by the need for an efficient system, so to ensure its success, there must exist external parties which monitor and evaluate the performance because of its importance by following clear criteria. So, the research problem came to address performance evaluation indicators which are set by the Federal Board of Supreme Audit (FBSA) and identify the extent of its contribution t

بسبب محدودية الموارد الطبيعية، فأن سكان الخليج ومنذ القدم وجهوا جلّ نشاطاتهم توجهاً بحرياً: صيد الاسماك وصناعة اللؤلؤ العنصر الرئيس في حجم التشغيل، وتكوين الفائض الاقتصادي في المنطقة آنذاك.

لقد تزايدت أهمية هذا النشاط بخاصة بعد النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر، لرواج تجارة اللؤلؤ عالمياً، وأنفتاح الخليج على الدول الاوروبية التي شهدت نهضة صناعية متسارعة، وحيث وصلت الخليج العديد من بضائع

أختير مشروع مزرعة فدك في محافظة النجف االشرف المستثمر من العتبة العلوية المقدسة. يقع المشروع في الجهة الشمالية شرقا ة عرض ''54.38 '57 º31 الـــــــــــى ً الغربية لمحافظة النجف االشرف بين خطي طول ''18.78 '0 º 44 الى ''53.46 '7 º44 ودائر ''17.53 '2 º32 شماال بمساحة اجمالية للمشروع تقدر بـــ 35493 هكتار لتقييم بعض الصفات الكيميائية للترب الصحراوية في تحديد دليل نوعيتها وصحتها لمشروع مزرعة فدك/ محافظة النجف االشرف، اذ تم اخذ 40 عينة سطحية

The aim of the present research is to know the following : What are the Science and technology, society and environment issues (S.T.S.E) which included in the content of thechemistry Book second grade intermediate ? And to achieve the objective of search The two researchers has prepares a list of science and technology, society and environment issues (STSE) consisted of (9) key issues namely (Air quality and the atmosphere, sustainable development, water security, health and preventive security, mineral resources investment, pollution of various kinds, energy, food industry, production of weapons technology) and from which (70) sub-issues emerge,Arbitrators competent agreement has been received . Then, thetwo researchers analyzed the con

The physicochemical behaviour of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in water and ethanol-water mixture in the presence and absence of ZnSO₄ were studied by measuring the conductivity at 298.15 K. The pre-micellar (S₁) and post-micellar slopes (S₂) were obtained and calculated the degree of dissociation (α) and the critical micelle concentration (cmc). With an increase in ethanol content, the cmc and α of DTAB increased whereas, in the presence of ZnSO₄, the cmc and α decreased. By using cmc and α, thermodynamic properties as the standard free energy of micellization ( ) were evaluated. With an increase in ethanol content, the negative values of  are decreased indicating less spont

The cancer is one of the biggest health problems that facing the world . And  the bladder cancer has a special place among the most spread cancers in Arab countries specially in Iraq and Egypt⁽²⁾ . It is one of the diseases which can be treated and cured if it is diagnosed early . This research is aimed at studying the assistant factors that diagnose bladder cancer such as (patient's age , gender , and other major complains of hematuria , burning or pain during urination and micturition disorders) and then determine which factors are the most effective in the possibility of diagnosing this disease by using the statistical model (logistic regression model) and depending on a random sample of (128) patients . After

The aim of this research is to identify how to employ the social imagination and its representations in the paintings of the students of the Department of Art Education. Students of the Department of Art Education in the light of this tool, and the researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are:
1. The indicator of the social imagination in the excitement of the artist and the recipient, because the representations are embodied in forms within the painting and close to reality.
2. An artistic sample of the representational imagination and the creative imagination was found to be more than the imaginary imagination.
3. Individual symptoms related to the term.
4. The representations of the socia

The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of the use of project-based learning in the development of intensive reading skills at middle school students. The experimental design was chosen from one group to suit the nature of the research and its objectives. The research group consisted of 35 students. For the purpose of the research, the following materials and tools were prepared: (List of intensive reading skills, intensive reading skills test, teacher's guide, student book). The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at (0.05) in favor of the post-test performance of intensive reading skills. The statistical analysis also showed that the project-based learning approach has a high