Breast cancer constitutes about one fourth of the registered cancer cases among the Iraqi population (1)
and it is the leading cause of death among Iraqi women (2)
. Each year more women are exposed to the vicious
ramifications of this disease which include death if left unmanaged or the negative sequels that they would
experience, cosmetically and psychologically, after exposure to radical mastectomy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) documented that early detection and screening, when coped
with adequate therapy, could offer a reduction in breast cancer mortality; displaying that the low survival rates
in less developed countries, including Iraq, is mainly attributed to the lack of early detection programs coupled
with inadequate diagnostic and treatment facilities (3)
. Although mammography machines, as main screening
tools for breast cancer, are available in the major hospitals in each province in Iraq, yet those are mainly used
for diagnostic purposes in patients who present with palpable breast lumps. Obviously, due to cost effective
measures, lack of resources and the economical challenges that Iraq is facing, it is not expected that the
authorities could provide mammography devices across every health care centre in the country to be used for
screening of all Iraqi women.
Accordingly, promoting other feasible tools could support in solving that dilemma. Clinical Breast
Examination (CBE) for women, by highly trained health care providers in Primary Health Care Centers, along
with diagnostic mammography in the major hospitals for referred cases, could offer cost effective approaches
for early detection of breast cancer in Iraq. The resources required to provide these services are within the
reach of all countries with limited resources
(4)
.
The issue of raising awareness on breast cancer and its early detection measures needs to be addressed.
Observations reported in Iraqi studies obviously reflect the the limited knowledge of the general population
about the disease, its preventive measures and their ignorance regarding the significance of CBE and early
medical consultation (5, 6)
. Public health awareness campaigns should be endorsed by policy makers to encourage every Iraqi women to look for abnormal signs and symptoms in their breasts and to seek medical
advice promptly.
This study aims to find the effectiveness of GeoGebra software in the achievement and habits of mind of eighth grade female students.
The research sample consisted of (62) students and divided into two groups. The first one is the experimental group (35 students) and it was taught using GeoGebra software, and the second group is the standard group (27 students) and it was taught using the traditional method of teaching. Two multiple-choice-question tests were prepared, one of them tests the achievement (40 paragraphs) and the other tests the habits of mind (24 paragraphs) and comprises four habits of mind according to Costa and Kallick classificatio
... Show MoreThe research dealt with the financial policies adopted by Almurabitin (484-520 / 1092-1143) and Almuahadin (540-620 / 1145-1223) in Andalusia, their characteristics, and how they dealt with increasing the resources of Bayt Almal and organizing the spending process. The first axis of the research discussed the policies of the management of public funds in the provinces of Almurabitin and Almuahadin in Andalusia. While the second presented to the most prominent and most important resources of Andalusia financial in the era of these two countries such as Zakat, Alkhiraj, Alghanayim, confiscations and illegal taxes and others. The third axis reviewed the public spending policies of the two countries and the political and military conditions
... Show MoreFor over a decade, educational technology has been used sparingly in our schools and universities. Online training courses have been used since 2003 to fill the gaps in our learning system and to add extra program besides classroom learning. This paper aims to investigate the Iraqi EFL instructors’ participating in online training courses and its influence on the process of teaching and learning.
The sample of present study consists of 30 instructors from University of Baghdad. The questionnaire of sixteen items was constructed. After ensuring validity and reliability of questionnaire, it was applied on March 2013 and the result shows that most of instructors improve their teaching methods b
... Show MoreThe research titled (narrations of Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (upon him be peace) about washing, in the four books of Sunan - study and analysis -) deals with what was reported from the noble and purified hadiths about him, peace be upon him, through the four hadith works represented by Sunan Abu Dawud (d. 275 AH). And Al-Jami’ Al-Kabir (Sunan Al-Tirmidhi) (d. 279 AH), Sunan Al-Nasa’i (Al-Mujtaba) (d. 303 AH), and Sunan Ibn Majah (d. 273 AH), who is the venerable imam and jurist from the House of Prophethood, as he transmitted many traces from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. Upon him and his family, peace be upon him. The study focused on his narrations, including the rulings on washing
The research aims to identify the academic problems of family counseling diploma students at Saudi Universities. In addition, to identify the differences in these problems according to gender, marital status, place of study, academic specialization, and GPA. The sample consisted of (491) students. The researcher has used one questionnaire for academic problems prepared by the researcher. The research revealed the following results: There were academic problems among family counseling diploma students at Saudi Universities, the most problems were related to the systems and administrations of the university, then the field training, the buildings, classrooms and campus facilities, then the academic courses, after that the exams, then
... Show MoreOccupies an important geographical position, and instructional material is distinctive among the various course materials, as covered in the study of human and surrounding environment, and interaction happening between them, and the problems that arose as a result and a lot of reliable in achieving educational purposes. Through the monotony and tradition in the methods used in our schools in the teaching of geography, which prevails in teaching nature conservation and indoctrination with poor educational qualification as a teacher geography, and the fact that this article need to be effective methods for teaching, such as the use of teaching models modern-dependent student at the center of the process education, and this is confirmed by
... Show Moreمن الاهداف المهمة لتدريس الكيمياء في المرحلة الثانوية التعرف على الثروات الطبيعية وكيفية استغلالها والاستفادة منها (وزارة التربية والتعليم ,1970)ومن اهداف تدريس الكيمياء التي يشير اليها المختصون ,مساعدة الفرد على التكيف الايجابي والناجح مع بيئة بما يحدث لمكوناتها مع تغير وما يدخل على بنيتها من عوامل مستجدة (كاظم ,1973) على ان يتم ذلك من خلال الشعور الايجابي لدى الافراد بدفعهم للاسهام في تطوير البيئة من
... Show Moreمشكلة البحث واهميته:
نتيجة لما يشهده قطاع التربية من تغير كبير وتطور سريع, فقد اتجه تخطيط السياسة التعليمية في القطر نحو تحديد كفاءة النظام التعليمي بمختلف مراحله كونها اجزاء متداخلة في تركيب تنظيمي واحد(9: 3 ) . وذلك من اجل استمرار تطويره, وتوجيهه بما يتفق واحداث المرحلة ومتطلباتها, على اساس ان مخرجات كل مرحلة تعليمية من مراحله المتتابعة تمثل المدخلات الجديدة لمرحلة تعليمية لاحقة.
وقد حظي التعلي
... Show MoreThe religious shrines , which is one of the most prominent historical monuments and archaeological her in the city of Baghdad Apositive role in documenting the social relations between individuals of different denominations and sects and regions And increase intimacy and harmony among them through mixing and mixing, as well as the fact that the people of the people of Baghdad Civilization and civil and urbanization and historically prone to isolation and extremism and intolerance.