Objective(s): To describe the demographic attributes, vaccination status of measles patients and the occurrence of
the disease according to time and place in Kirkuk governorate during the year 2010.
Methodology: The epidemiological study (a descriptive study) on measles cases was carried out in Kirkuk province
which is one of the Iraqi governorates from January 20th to July 30th, 2011. Data were collected retrospectively by
review of patients' files that were registered at the department of statistic in health directorate of Kirkuk during the
year 2010. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (152) confirmed measles cases (clinically and laboratory) that
were registered at the department of statistic in health directorate of Kirkuk during the year 2010, were selected for
the purpose of the study. These data include demographic data, vaccination status, place and time of reporting the
cases by month. The obtained data of the registered cases were entered in to the computer and analyzed through the
use of the statistical package social sciences (SPSS 11.5); the data analysis was preformed through descriptive
statistical approach, such as (frequency and percentage).
Results: The study findings revealed that (49.3%) of measles cases were more than fifteenth years of age, (57.9%) of
them were male. Up to half of cases occurred inside Kirkuk city, and according to vaccination status, (47.4%) of
measles cases were vaccinated.
Recommendations: The study highlighted the necessity of timely measles vaccine campaign, additional dose of
vaccine to include also adolescents and adults who may be sensitive to measles, and importance of health education
for unimmunized adult person.
Measles in Kirkuk Governorate: Cohort Study
Measles
Vaccination
Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Advances In Bioresearch
Cytotoxicity of Miltefosine against Leishmania majorPromastigotes
Leishmaniasis has poor vaccination trials and the available drugs have side effects on patients. Therefore
development ofnew chemicals is important for public health. Miltefosine is the first drug used for oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.Previous studies approved that miltefosine is an effective treatment against visceral leishmaniasis
the visceral form ofLeishmania
and also on L. major
the cutaneous form of Leishmania. Here
we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity ofmiltefosine on the procyclic promastigotes forms of L. major. Different concentrations of miltefosine were investigatedagainst the flagellated form of L. major
and results showed that miltefosine has inhibited the in vitro proliferation of theparasite
approving the cytotoxic effect of the compound on Leishmania
EC50 was determined after 24 hours exposure forthe drug and it was 1.54 μM. Our findings indicate that miltefosine has a cytotoxic effect on the insect stage of the old worldL. major and can be a new anti-Leishmanial drug