Field and laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the allelopathic
potential of sorghum residues alone or in combination with reduced rate of trifluralin
herbicide on weeds in mung bean field. The field experiment was conducted during
2014 season at the Research Farm of Biology Department, College of Science,
Baghdad University by using randomized complete Block design (RCBD) to test the
effect of sorghum residues at rates of 5 and 10 t ha-1 alone or in combination with
reduced doses of trifluralin (30 and 60% of recommended dose) on weeds and mung
bean crop. Weedy check and label rate of trifluralin (2.4 Lha-1) were also included
for comparison. Each treatment was replicated four times. Total phenolics in field
soil amended with sorghum residues at 10 t ha-1 was determined in at 0, 14, 28 and
42 days of sorghum residues decomposition. Also bioassay experiment was
conducted to test the allelopathic effect of sorghum residues at 10 t ha-1
incorporated into the field soil on seedling emergence and growth of Portulaca
oleracea weed during the above mentioned decomposition periods. Results showed
that incorporation of sorghum residues at 5 t ha-1 reduced weed density by16.9 and
18.8% of control after 30 and 60 days from sowing, respectively. The reduction was
increased when sorghum residues were incorporated at 10 t ha-1 and reached to 30
and 30.5% of the control after 30and 60 days from sowing, respectively. However,
the suppression of weed population and dry weight biomass was further improved
when the plots were treated with 30 and 60% of label rate of trifluralin and sorghum
residues at 5and 10 t ha-1. The highest suppression of weed population and dry
biomass was achieved by application of reduced rate of trifluralin (60%) to plots
amended with sorghums residues at 10 t ha-1. Integration of reduced herbicide and
sorghum residues at 5and 10 t ha-1 resulted in more weed suppression than sole
application of the respected sorghum residues. The results also revealed that weed
suppression was directly translated into yield of mung bean. Application of
trifluralin herbicide at 60% of label rate in plots amended with sorghum residues at
10 t ha-1 recorded the highest biological and grain yield, number of pods per plants
and weight of 100 seeds. Chemical analysis indicated that total phenolics started to
increase at14 and 28 days of decomposition and decline thereafter until vanished 6
weeks of decomposition. Biological activity test of field soil revealed that
suppression of Portulaca oleracea weed was highly correlated with total phenolics
(R2 = 0.95for seedling emergence and 0.87 for dry biomass) of soil suggesting that
high weed suppression was mainly due to high activity of phenolics.
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was introduced in dentistry as an alternative to metal alloys.
To assess the effectiveness of PEEK-fixed retainers in preserving the stability of mandibular anterior and participant satisfaction as compared to the Dead-soft coaxial fixed retainer (DSC).
A single-centre, two-arm parallel groups
The research deals with the lyrical introduction in the commentary of Tarfa bin al-Abd as a formative system characterized by flexibility and richness of imagination, which achieved a formative treatment and a unique construction within the structures of the structural and semantic language. I dealt with the poetic verses represented by the lyrical introduction as a formative hypothesis, basing its goal on a methodological framework distributed on the problem that was summarized by the following question: Is it possible to look at the poetic pattern within the pre-Islamic poem / hanging blinking as a model, in its plastic dimensions and to identify the stylistic treatment that achieves the formation space within the poetic text. The rese
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The research aims to prepare a preliminary feasibility study that shows the importance of preliminary feasibility study in investment decision making, carrying out of the local demand of service provided in accordance with international standards and statement of investment opportunities available to the private sector in several investment methods. In order to reach the objectives of the study was adopted as a method of partial analysis at the level of economic unity through the study demand, supply, costs, economic and social profitability.
The health sector in Iraq is one of the service sectors facing today a continuous deficiency
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Abstract
The grey system model GM(1,1) is the model of the prediction of the time series and the basis of the grey theory. This research presents the methods for estimating parameters of the grey model GM(1,1) is the accumulative method (ACC), the exponential method (EXP), modified exponential method (Mod EXP) and the Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). These methods were compared based on the Mean square error (MSE) and the Mean Absolute percentage error (MAPE) as a basis comparator and the simulation method was adopted for the best of the four methods, The best method was obtained and then applied to real data. This data represents the consumption rate of two types of oils a he
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This paper is concerned with studying the numerical solution for the discrete classical optimal control problem (NSDCOCP) governed by a variable coefficients nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value problem (VCNLHBVP). The DSCOCP is solved by using the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) for the space variable and implicit finite difference scheme (GFEM-IFDS) for the time variable to get the NS for the discrete weak form (DWF) and for the discrete adjoint weak form (DSAWF) While, the gradient projection method (GRPM), also called the gradient method (GRM), or the Frank Wolfe method (FRM) are used to minimize the discrete cost function (DCF) to find the DSCOC. Within these three methods, the Armijo step option (ARMSO) or the optimal step opt
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A study has been performed to compare the beddings in which ductile iron pipes are buried. In water transmission systems, bends are usually used in the pipes. According to the prescribed layout, at these bends, unbalanced thrust forces are generated that must be confronted to prevent the separation of the bend from the pipe. The bed condition is a critical and important factor in providing the opposite force to the thrust forces in the restraint joint system. Due to the interaction between the native soil and the bedding layers in which the pipe is buried and the different characteristics between them. Also, the interaction with the pipe material makes it difficult to calculate the real forces opposite to the thrust forces and the way they
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As a result of the entry of multinationals companies in Iraq for investing in the joint projects through conducting agreements and contracts for work on important and strategic projects to get the necessary funds and various experiences which characterize the foreign participant sides that Iraq currently needs them and because of the non-applying the accounting processing stipulated in the unified accounting system in addition to the absence of a local accounting bases as well as the default of the participant contracts on indicating the accounting methods about those projects which are considered one of the bases that enables auditors in the public sector to depend on it, thus the research paper deals with studying an
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The present paper focuses on studying a rhetorical form often used in Spanish linguistic discourse .It also examines the study two sides (theoretical and practical), the concept of metaphor, the most important modern school that deals with this issue, the development of this technique and its relationship with other intellectual ideologies, and the role metaphor plays in interpreting the meaning of the linguistic discourse especially in conveying political message. The study allows the formulation and the creation of a conceptual picture for the purposes of metaphor in the linguistic discourse used in Spanish press. It investigates discursive models from the Spanish press,
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