Thin filis have been prepared from the tin disulphide (SnS2 ), the pure and the doped with copper (SnS2:Cu) with a percentages (1,2,3,4)% by using ahemical spray pyrolysis techniqee on substrate of glass heated up to(603K)and sith thicknesses (0.7±0.02)?m ,after that the films were treated thermally with a low pressure (10-3mb) and at a temperature of (473K) for one hour. The influence of both doping with copper and the thermal treatment on some of the physical characteristics of the prepared films(structural and optical) was studied. The X-ray analysis showed that the prepared films were polycrystalline Hexagonal type. The optical study that included the absorptance and transmitance spectra in the weavelength range (300-900)nm

Lead-free ferroelectric nano ceramics of BaZrxTi1-xO3 (x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were prepared by means of microwave assisted chemical route. The structural, dielectric and electrical properties were examined. The crystalline structure of the specimens was studied by X-ray diffraction patterns. All the samples showed pure single phase of perovskite structure with space group of I4/mcm. X-ray diffraction data illustrated that there is no secondary phases exist. Structural and electrical properties of barium titanate ceramics are influenced significantly by small additions of Zr. The electrical conductivity showed higher values at x=0.2 and decreased at higher Zr content. The Hall charge mobility is found

CdS and CdS:Sn thin films were successfully deposited on glass
substrates by spray pyrolysis method. The films were grown at
substrate temperatures 300 C°. The effects of Sn concentration on the
structural and optical properties were studied.
The XRD profiles showed that the films are polycrystalline with
hexagonal structure grown preferentially along the (002) axis. The
optical studies exhibit direct allowed transition. Energy band gap
vary from 3.2 to 2.7 eV.

Thin films of  BhSe3  have being deposited on glass substrates of

about 80 - 172 ± 14 nm thickness from an aqueous solution bath at temperature 293 K for period 0.5 to 6.0 hours  using alchemical bath deposition method .

The  films  are  characterized   by  X-ray  diffraction,     X-ray

florescent techniques and optical transmittance spectra measurements in the rang 350 - 400 nm at 293 K. And shows that as deposited  films are amorphous and a  transition to polycrystalline state has taken place after  annealing  them  at  373  K,  for  30  minutes,  But  they  will  be dan1aged

In this investigation, metal matrix composites (MMC_s) were manufactured by using powder technology. Aluminum 6061 is reinforced with two different ceramics particles (SiC and B₄C) with different volume fractions as (3, 6, 9 and 12 wt. %). The most important applications of particulate reinforcement of aluminum matrix are: Pistons, Connecting rods etc. The specimens were prepared by using aluminum powder with 150 µm in particle size and SiC, B₄C powder with 200 µm in particle size. The chosen powders were mixed by using planetary mixing setup at 250 rpm for 4hr.with zinc stearate as an activator material in steel ball milling. After mixing process the powders were compacted by hydraulic

Hydrophobic silica aerogels were successfully preparation by an ambient pressure drying method from sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) with different pH values (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). In this study, acidic HCl (1M), a basic NH4OH (1M) were selected as a catalyst to perform the surface modification in a TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane) solution. The surface chemical modification of the aerogels was assured by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies. Other physical properties, such as pore volume and pore size and specific surface area were determined by Brunauer-Emmett- Teller (BET) method. The effect of pH values on the bulk density of aerogel. The sol–gel parameter pH value in the sol, have marked effects on the physical proper

 Thin films of tin disulphide SnS2 with different thicknesses (2500,4000,5000)A0 have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolises technique on substrate of glass with temperature (603)K .  The effect of thickness on the optical properties of SnS2 has been studied.the optical  study that includes the absorptance and transmittance spectra in the wavelength range (300900)nm demonstrated that the value of absorption coefficient (α) ) was greater than (104 cm-1) the  electronic transitions at the fundamental absorption edge were of the indirect kind whether allowed and forbidden . Absorption edge shift slightly towards higher wave  length.The value of energy gaps (Eg) for all the films prepared are decreased with inc

This growing interest of the international scientific specialized commissions is due to the role that the audit committee can play, as one of companies’ governance tools, to increase the accuracy and transparency of the financial information disclosed by the companies, through its oversight role on the process of preparing financial reports, its supervision on the internal audit function within the companies, and supporting its independency, as well as coordinating the efforts between the internal control unites and the external auditor represented by the (Board of Supreme Audit) to clear the observations and irregularities in order to reduce the fraud cases.

This research was built on an applied sample of audit committee works

The research abstract included introduction and the importance of the research, also included display of the problem represented by weakness for the players when performing some of the basic skills in badminton and the shuttle not reaching to the back corners of the court which gives the player the opportunity to win through applying the pressure on the opponent and make him away from the control center(T) which definitely required level of a collection muscular strength contributed in performance perhaps this related to a number of reasons related with weakness in physical changes especially explosive and characterized by speed forces for the badminton players and be acquainted with them and knowing the extent of their effect in performanc