Charge extraction layers play a crucial role in developing the performance of the inverted organic solar cells. Using a transparent metal oxide with appropriate work function to the photoactive layer can significantly decrease interface recombination and enhance charge transport mechanism. Therefore, electron selective films that consist of aluminium-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Al) with different concentrations of Al (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2)wt % were prepared using sol-gel technique. The inverted organic solar cells PCPDTBT: PCBM with Al doped TiO2 as electron extraction layer were fabricated. It is well known that Al doping concentration potentially affects the physical characteristics of the TiO2 by controlling the optical, morphological, and structural properties. The effect of Al incorporation on the optical and morphological properties of the prepared films were analysed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current–voltage (J-V) curves of the PCPDTBT: PCBM organic solar cells show that the TiO2:Al layer with 0.8% Al wt%, has the highest power conversion efficiency which is 3.02%.
Background: A substance that can affect DNA or chromosomes is defined as a genotoxin. DNA damage in a somatic cell may result in a somatic mutation (cancer). In contrast, damage to a germ cell (germline mutation) may result in a heritable changed characteristic.Omega-7 is a non-essential monounsaturated free fatty acid with anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic effects.
Objectives: Evaluation of the possible protective effects of omega seven against methotrexate genotoxicity.
Method: Two major equal groups were obtained from seventy mice, and five subgroups (each of seven) were created from these groups as follows: Group I received liquid paraff
... Show MoreNanoparticles (NPs) have unique capabilities that make them an eye-opener opportunity for the upstream oil industry. Their nano-size allows them to flow within reservoir rocks without the fear of retention between micro-sized pores. Incorporating NPs with drilling and completion fluids has proved to be an effective additive that improves various properties such as mud rheology, filtration, thermal conductivity, and wellbore stability. However, the biodegradability of drilling fluid chemicals is becoming a global issue as the discharged wetted cuttings raise toxicity concerns and environmental hazards. Therefore, it is urged to utilize chemicals that tend to break down and susceptible to biodegradation. This research presents the pra
... Show MoreThe present study aims at empirically investigating the effect of vocabulary learning strategies on Iraqi intermediate school students’vocabulary performance and reading comprehension. The population of the present study includes all the 1st year male students of Al-Wark’a intermediate school of Al-Risafa 1/ General Directorate of Education for the first course of the academic year (2015-2016). To achieve the aim of the study ,a pre-test and post-test after (5) weeks of experiment are administrated .The sample of the present study consists of (100) subjects :(50) students as an experimental group and other (50) students as a control group . The subj
... Show MoreThe sun which is all energy sources, in today's society, hot water is used for various purposes starting from household to power production. People are adopting various ways to accomplish these goals, such as firewood heat and electrical power, so solar energy is an alternative to the dwindling resources of fossil fuels. Conversion of solar radiation into heat is one of the simplest and most direct applications of this energy, it can be used to heat water systems. A widely used flat-plate solar collector. In this study we have come to heat water using solar energy. This research presents the design and experimental analysis for using Spiral Flow Solar Water Heater (SFSWH) to enhance the thermal efficiency of a flat plate solar collector.
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to shed light on the dimensions of the strategic lens and its impact on achieving the pioneer tax performance and represented by the dimensions (strategic direction, growth, pilot indicator, renewal and modernization, efficiency and effectiveness) in the General Tax Authority. The questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect data and information from the adult sample They are (91) who are on the site (Assistant Director General, Head of Division, First Division Deputy, Second Division Deputy, Division Officer, Division Officer Associate) The statistical program (SPSS) has been used to calculate (the mean, the standard deviation, the correlation coefficient, the difference coefficient, the F test, the
... Show MoreAutorías: Wafaa Sabah Mohammed Al-Khafaji, Fatimah Hameed Kzar Al-Masoodi, Suadad Ibrahim Suhail Al-Kinani. Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte. Nº. 3, 2023. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.
Monetary policy is an important part of the economic policy to influence the monetary aspect of stabilization, for this reason the research will seek to clarify the extent of the impact of monetary policy in achieving monetary stability in Iraq during the chosen research period, because the Iraqi economy suffers from monetary instability due to political and security turmoil, Therefore, an effective and effective monetary policy is required in terms of reducing inflationary pressures to reach the required monetary stability, in order to create the appropriate monetary environment for the work of the economic and productive sectors. Thus, the research adopted a basic hypothesis that monetary policy in Iraq has a clear impact on achieving mon
... Show MoreThe triggering effect for the face pumping of Nd:YVO4 disc medium of 4×5×0.5 mm was investigated using bulk diode laser at different resonator cavity length in pulse mode and at repetition rate of 1.3kHz. The maximum emitted peak power was found to be 100, 82, and 66 mW for resonator lengths of 10, 13.5, and 17.5 cm respectively, while the threshold pumping power was found to be 41mW. The maximum emitted peak power obtained was 300 mW when using external triggering and 10cm length, with repetition of 3Hz.