A number of disorders characterized by aberrant cell proliferation are referred to as cancers. Cancer is a complicated group of mutagenic diseases that can move or infiltrate to other parts of the body. It develops through a multi-step process. The need for new therapeutic strategies is driven by malignancies resistance to conventional therapies. Use of the Newcastle disease virus as an oncolytic agent has advanced and expanded in immunocompetent carcinoma tumor models by utilizing reverse genetics techniques. Preclinical investigations have shown that recombinant NDV (rNDV-GFP), which expresses foreign genes, is proven to be effective in cancer treatment. Green fluorescent protein gene is usually used as an expression reporter for certain genetically encoded molecular biomarkers. To demonstrate that a gene may be expressed in many organs, interest cells or across an organism, it was utilized to make GFP-expressing biosensors. GFP has been detected in human cells as well as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, fish and other animals. The aim was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of rNDV expressing GFP gene on U78-MG glioblastoma cell line in vitro. This research examined in vitro the anticancer activity of genetically modified Newcastle disease virus strains that express GFP (rClone3-GFP) using the MTT test (a colorimetric assay for measuring cell metabolic activity) on the U87-MG glioblastoma cell line. Recombinant viruses were found to be able to trigger a time-dependent demise of tumor cells death starting 96 hours after inoculation. Using reverse genetics, we inserted GFP-coding regions between the F and HN genes in the lentogenic NDVClone30 strain's genome which was named as rNDV-GFP. The recombinant NDV-GFP strains that produce GFP showed promising results for inhibiting growth of tumor cells. Our study paved the way for the use of recombinant NDV as an anticancer viral vector. Our results suggest that NDV-GFP is a promising therapeutic for glioblastoma cancer treatment.
Elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) is an important tool in the petroleum industry for determining the composition and properties of rock formations in a reservoir. Knowledge of the types and abundance of different minerals in the reservoir is crucial for accurate petrophysical interpretation, reservoir engineering practices, and stratigraphic correlation. ECS measures the elemental content of the rock, which directly impacts several physical properties that are essential for reservoir characterization, such as porosity, fluid saturation, permeability, and matrix density. The ability to accurately determine these properties leads to better reservoir mapping, improved production, and more effective resource management. Accurately de
... Show MoreIn this paper, we introduce new conditions to prove that the existence and boundedness of the solution by convergent sequences and convergent series. The theorem of Krasnoselskii, Lebesgue’s dominated convergence theorem and fixed point theorem are used to get some sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions. Furthermore, we get sufficient conditions to guarantee the oscillatory property for all solutions in this class of equations. An illustrative example is included as an application to the main results.
This study aimed to know the attitudes and practice of pharmacists regarding the management of minor ailments in Iraqi community pharmacies. A cross-sectional study for 320 community pharmacists was conducted during February 2020 using a newly developed and validated questionnaire. Only 4.4% of pharmacists prefer not to deal with minor ailment cases. Minority (15.6%) of participated pharmacists refer more than half of minor ailment cases they face to the physician. Regarding the assessment of minor ailments using WWHAM technique, what are the symptoms are the most commonly asked questions by pharmacists. Only 49.1% mentioned that they ask all WWHAM questions. On the other hand, most pharmacists (90%) educate their patients about the dosi
... Show MoreThis paper presents a numerical analysis using ANSYS finite element program to simulate the reinforced concrete slabs with spherical voids. Six full-scale one way bubbled slabs of (3000mm) length with rectangular cross-sectional area of (460mm) width and (150mm) depth are tested as simply supported under two-concentrated load. The results of the finite element model are presented and compared with the experimental data of the tested slabs. Material nonlinearities due to cracking and crushing of concrete and yielding of reinforcement are considered. The general behavior of the finite element models represented by the load-deflection curves at midspan, crack pattern, ultimate load, load-concrete strain curves and failure m
... Show Morehe responsibility system has an important role in various international fields, including the area of the proliferation of small and light weapons, and the destabilization and imbalance that this proliferation causes causes and legal centers, because without them, the agreement rules have no impact and significance, given the guarantees decided by the responsibility to ensure respect for the obligations imposed by that system, Every action that violates the provisions of international law, whether it comes to a simple violation of an international obligation or a violation of a fundamental obligation that affects the interests of the international community requires the accountabilit
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