A gliding arc discharge (GAD) with a water spray system was constructed. A non-thermal plasma, generated between two V shaped electrodes in an ambient argon driven by 100 Hz AC voltage, was investigated using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with different gas flow rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 , 2.5 , 3  1/min). Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate electron temperature (T_e) and electron density (n_e). The electrodes design was spectrally recognized and its T_e value was about 0.588-0.863 eV, while the n_e value of 6.875×10¹⁷-10.938×10¹⁷ cm^-3. The results of the plasma diagnostics generated by gliding arc showed that increasing gas f

Dust storms are among the most important weather phenomena in Middle East. The Shamal dust storms are dominated across Iraq and the whole Middle East, especially in summer. However, frontal type of dust storms is possible in winter and spring. In this research, a comprehensive case study was conducted to a dust storm that occurred on 20 March 2016 from many perspectives: synoptic, satellite imagery, dust concentration analysis, visibility reduction, and aerosol optical depth. The study shows that the dust storm initiated inside Syria and moved eastward with the movement of the front. Dust concentrations and aerosol optical depth were also discussed that simulate the dust storm over Iraq in a reasonable way with some differences. The dust

In this manuscript, the effect of substituting strontium with barium on the structural properties of Tl_0.8Ni_0.2Sr_2-xBr_xCa₂Cu₃O_9-δcompound with x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, have been studied. Samples were prepared using solid state reaction technique, suitable oxides alternatives of Pb₂O₃, CaO, BaO and CuO with 99.99% purity as raw materials and then mixed. They were prepared in the form of discs with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a thickness of (0.2-0.3) cm under pressures 7 tons / cm², and the samples were sintered at a constant temperature o

This research includes theoretical and evaluation design of a polarizer filter of high transmission in the near IR region of (900-1200nm) for different incidence angles to obtain a long wave and short wave pass filter using analytical calculations. Results refer to a new configuration design in fewer layers than used in previous studies in the long wave pass at incidence angles (45o,50o,55o). Adopted Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) and Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) as coating material at design wavelength (933nm), the study also included design short wave pass polarizer by using the same coating material.

In the present work, the effect of size of zinc dust particles on
AC argon discharge characteristics are investigated
experimentally. The plasma characteristics are determined by
using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) techniques. The
results illustrated that the electron temperature (Te) in the present
and absent of Zinc dust particle is reduced with increasing of
pressure. The electron temperature decreases with increasing of
Zinc dust size. Excitation temperature Tex is reduces with
increasing of Ar pressure in present and absent of zinc dust
particles. The present of Zinc dust reduce the Tex of Ar in both
Zinc dust size. The electron density increasing in the present and
absent of both zinc dust siz

The Indian costus plasma properties are investigated including electron temperature (Te), "electron density (ne)", "plasma frequency (fp)", " Debye sphere length", and amount of Debye(Nd),  using the spectrum of optical emission technique. There are several energies used, with ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. The Boltzmann Plot is used to calculate the temperature; where as Stark's Line Broadening is used to calculate the electron density. The Indian costus was spectroscopically examined in the air with the laser  at 10 cm away from the target and the optical fiber  at 0.5 cm away. The results were obtained for an electron temperature range of (1.8-2.2) electron volts (ev) and a wavelength range of (300-600) nm. The XRF analysis reveals th

     The characteristics of atmospheric-pressure glow discharge (APGD) produced by rod-plate electrodes are experimentally determined. APGD is sustained by applying a high DC voltage between the electrodes. At atmospheric pressure, the shift from corona discharge to glow discharge is investigated. A rod-plate discharges configuration's volt–ampere properties show the existence of three discharge regimes: corona, glow, and spark. The variations in the electrical field distribution in the various regimes are mirrored in the discharge luminosity. The rod-plate patterns are created under a dark region, and are visible mainly due to the effect of electrons heated by the local enhanced electric field at the interface, according to the op

In this work, the optical emission spectrum technique was used to analyze the spectrum resulting from the CdO:Sn plasma produced by laser Nd:YAG with a wavelength of (1064) nm, duration of (9) ns, and a focal length of (10) cm in the range of energy of 500-800 mJ. The electron temperature (T_e) was calculated using the in ratio line intensities method, while the electron density (n_e) was calculated using Saha-Boltzmann equation. Also, other plasma parameters were calculated, such as plasma (f_p), Debye length (λ_D) and Debye number (N_D). At mixing ratios of X=0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, the CdO_1-X :Sn_X plasma spectrum was recorded for different energies. The change

      In this study, the plasma formed by the preparation of Se and Tin (Sn) using a Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm in air, which was then studied using the technique of optical emission spectrum, was presented (OES).The laser-induced plasma parameters such an electron temperature (Te) were identified using two-ratio methods, using Stark broadening methods to determine the density of electrons (n_e). According to the findings, there is a correlation between the amount of laser energy that is applied and the increase in the emission intensity of the spectral lines. In the case of Se plasma, an increase in laser energy causes a rise in the temperature of the electrons. While increasing the temperature of the elec