Dumping policy considered as one of the policies occurs severe damages to the developing countries apparently this is happens due to the potential weakness in (productive, technical, legislative, legal institutions) comparing with other developed countries who are members in WTO.

Iraq consider as one of the developing countries that has been effected by the dumping policy, the events in Iraq since downfall of the formal regime, and the allied forces domination of Iraq have all together accelerated in the apace of deterioration , particularly , after the temporary coalition authority  has forced Iraq to adopt a free foreign trade policy& exclusion of the state from the market mechanism & to consolidate import and deac

     This study aims to figure out how to calculate water recharge using the soil conservation service method, one of the most widely used methods for calculating runoff volume following rainfall. The research is being conducted in Ameriat Al-Falluja City, Al-Anbar Governorate. The Iraqi meteorological organization's Baghdad Airport and Al-Ramadi stations provided data on the research area from 1989 to 2020 as total annual rainfall (123.1 mm), the RH% (43%), the mean monthly T (23.6 °C), total evaporation (3169.61 mm), the wind speed (3.1 m/s), and the sunshine duration (9 h/day). The climate of the study area is described as arid. The total evapotranspiration value quantity is 1137.38 mm for the 32-year comparison period, while the

The undertaken study includes investigating the performance and effluent characteristics of the treatment plant of Al-Doura refinery. Influent concentrations for some important contaminants, which are TDS, oil and grease, TSS, COD, BOD, and turbidity were 2595 mg/L, 13934 mg/L, 466.45 mg/L, 2538.9 mg/L, 1739.2 mg/L, and 89.18 NTU, respectively, while the effluent concentrations were 1337.8 mg/L, 0.53mg/L, 21.7mg/L, 25.45 mg/L, 17.81 mg/L, and 7.08 NTU, respectively, giving removal efficiencies of 44.47%, 99.99%, 94.4%, 98.96%, 98.96% and 92.05%, respectively. All these results indicate that Al-Doura wastewater treatment plant was efficient in removing contaminants according to Iraqi and EPA specifications. Hence, the second part of this

Concentration of NORM then radiological hazard indices were investigated and assessed in different stages of oil and gas production industry that belongs to East Baghdad Oil Field. Sixteen samples of different types of materials were collected representing oil and gas production from first stage to final stage. The samples are prepared then sent to Radiation Protection Center (RPC) / Ministry of Environment for radioactivity analysis using gamma ray spectrometry system based on HPGe. The results show that max value of Ra-226 is 252.4 Bq/kg in sediment sample collected from the final stage of water treatment before it is transferred to disposal well and min value is 1.2 Bq/kg in formation water. The max. activity of Th-232 is 79.4Bq/kg al

Twenty four soil samples were collected from different sites in north sector of East Baghdad oil field, Iraq , and analyzed to assess the impact of urbanization and industrialization essential pollution. The soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean concentration of heavy metals in soil samples follows this pattern: Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu >Pb > As> Cd> Hg. The results show significant variations (lower and higher) in the concentrations of heavy metals compared with local and world studies, this variation is attributed to the natural anthropogenic sources. The pollution of studied soil was assessed using many soil

     The study area is located in Al-Anbar Governorate, western Iraq. The climatic data were collected from Al-Ramadi Meteorological Station for the period 1990 to  2020 and used to assess the climatic condition of the study area. The total annual rainfall, relative humidity, monthly average temperature, evaporation, wind speed and sunshine duration are 108 mm, 52.7 %, 22.6˚C, 2814.3 mm, 2.2 m/s and 8.8 h/day, respectively. The climate of the study area is described as an arid to sub arid and relatively hot in summer and cold with low rain in winter. During the data used, the highest potential evapotranspiration was 217.1 mm in July, while the lowest value was 10.7 mm in January, with a total amount of 1170.07 mm. The highest and l

The study area is part of the city of Samawa in Al Muthanna Governorate in southern Iraq. The study  area is located to the west of Samawa city bounded by the north latitudes 31⁰11^'-31^o42^' and east longitudes 44^o58^'- 45⁰16^'and its groundwater resources are developed for supply and irrigation purposes. In order to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the study area, twenty three groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. Hydrochemical analysis showed that the groundwater of the study area is excessively mineralized  and very hard. The increase in flow length of groundwater in the study area caused a change in water

Two locally isolated microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Bejerinck and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith) were used in the current study to test their ability to production biodiesel through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 2, 4, 8 gl ), and effect of nitrogen concentration on the quantity of primary product (carbohydrate, protein ), also the quantity and quality of lipid. The results revealed that starvation of nitrogen led to high lipid yielding, in C. vulgaris and N. palea the lipid content increased from 6.6% to 40% and 40% to 60% of dry weight (DW) respectively.Also in C. vulgaris, the highest carbohydrate was 23% of DW from zero nitrate medium and the highest protein was 50% of DW in the treatment 8gl. Whil

The quality of groundwater is just as important as its quantity. The kinds and concentration of salts in groundwater depend on the environment, movement, and the source of the groundwater. During the field work, 20 samples have been collected from water wells from Al-Salman basin for two seasons represent wet and dry seasons in November 2017 and April 2018. After water well samples have been analyzed the Electrical conductivity values range from (2260 to 5500) μS/cm for dry season and range from (2540 to 5630) μS/cm for wet season, the Total dissolved solids values range from (1289 to 3582) ppm for dry season and range from (1710 to 3960) ppm for wet season, and pH values range from (7.11 to 7.3) for dry and wet seasons. The Hydroc